5.3.4 Kutsiliza

Tsegulani maitanidwe amakuthandizireni kupeza njira zothetsera mavuto omwe munganene momveka bwino koma simungathe kudzikonza nokha.

Zonse zitatu ntchito-Netflix lotseguka kuitana Prize, Foldit, Zochita ndi Maluso-ofufuza mafunso mtundu enieni, anapemphedwapo njira, ndi Kenako anatenga njira yabwino. Akatswiriwo sanali ngakhale kudziwa katswiri kudziwa, ndi zina zabwino anadza ku malo mwadzidzidzi.

Tsopano ndikutha kufotokozera kusiyana kwakukulu kwa pakati pa mapulojekiti otseguka ndi mapulani a anthu. Choyamba, pamakampani osatsegula wofufuza amafotokoza cholinga (mwachitsanzo, kufotokozera mafilimu), komabe pakuwerengera kwaumunthu, wofufuzirayo amatha kunena za microtask (mwachitsanzo, kusankha mlalang'amba). Chachiwiri, poyitana omasuka, ochita kafukufuku amafuna zopindulitsa kwambiri-monga njira yabwino kwambiri yodziwiritsira ntchito mafilimu, mapuloteni apansi kwambiri a mapuloteni, kapena mapuloteni apamwamba kwambiri-osati mitundu yosavuta yowonjezera zopereka.

Pogwiritsa ntchito ndondomeko yowonjezera maulendo otseguka ndi zitsanzo zitatu izi, ndi mavuto otani mu kafukufuku wamakhalidwe abwino omwe angakhale oyenera njirayi? Panthawi imeneyi, ndiyenera kuvomereza kuti sipanakhale zitsanzo zambiri zowonjezera komabe (chifukwa chomwe ine ndingafotokoze mu mphindi). Pogwiritsa ntchito mafananidwe otsogolera, wina angaganizire kachitidwe ka peer-to-patent kayendedwe kamene kakugwiritsidwa ntchito ndi wofufuza kafukufuku wa mbiri yakale kufunafuna munthu kapena lingaliro lapadera. Kuyitanidwa kotseguka kwa vuto lamtundu umenewu kungakhale kofunika kwambiri pamene mapepala omwe angakhale oyenera sali m'gulu limodzi lakale koma amagawidwa kwambiri.

Kawirikawiri maboma ndi makampani ambiri ali ndi mavuto omwe angathe kutsegula maitanidwe chifukwa maitanidwe otseguka angathe kupanga njira zomwe zingagwiritsidwe ntchito pazineneratu, ndipo maulosi awa akhoza kukhala chitsogozo chofunikira (Provost and Fawcett 2013; Kleinberg et al. 2015) . Mwachitsanzo, monga Netflix ankafuna kufotokozera mafilimu, maboma angafune kufotokozera zotsatira monga malo odyera omwe angathe kukhala ophwanya malamulo kuti athe kuonetsetsa kuti zowonongeka bwino kwambiri. Chifukwa cha vuto lamtundu uwu, Edward Glaeser ndi anzake (2016) adayitanidwa kuti athandizire Mzinda wa Boston kulongosola kusamalidwa kwachakudya ndi zosungirako zowonongeka zochokera ku data kuchokera ku Yelp ndemanga ndi deta yoyendera mbiri. Iwo akuganiza kuti chitsanzo choyambirira chomwe chinapindula poyitanidwa chidzakulitsa zokolola za oyang'anira malesitanti ndi pafupifupi 50%.

Tsegulani mafoni angagwiritsidwe ntchito poyerekeza ndi kuyesa ziphunzitso. Mwachitsanzo, Fragile Families ndi Child Wellbeing Study yapeza ana pafupifupi 5,000 kuyambira kubadwa m'midzi 20 yosiyanasiyana ya ku United States (Reichman et al. 2001) . Ofufuza asonkhanitsa deta za ana, mabanja awo, ndi malo awo obadwira atabadwa komanso zaka 1, 3, 5, 9, ndi 15. Podziwa zonse zokhudza ana awa, ndibwino kuti ochita kafukufuku adzaneneratu zotsatira ngati amene adzamaliza maphunziro awo ku koleji? Kapena, akufotokozedwa mwanjira imene ingakhale yosangalatsa kwa ofufuza ena, omwe deta ndi ndondomeko zingakhale zogwira mtima kwambiri pakulosera zotsatirazi? Popeza palibe ana awa omwe ali okalamba okwanira kuti apite ku koleji, izi zidzakhala zowona zowonongeka, ndipo pali njira zosiyanasiyana zomwe ofufuza angagwiritse ntchito. Wofufuza wina yemwe amakhulupirira kuti malo okhalapo ndi ofunikira kupanga zochitika za moyo akhoza kutenga njira imodzi, pamene wofufuza yemwe akuyang'ana pa mabanja akhoza kuchita zosiyana kwambiri. Ndi njira iti mwa njirayi yomwe ingagwire ntchito bwino? Sitikudziwa, ndipo pakufufuza, tingaphunzire chinthu china chofunika kwambiri ponena za mabanja, midzi, maphunziro, ndi kusiyana pakati pa anthu. Komanso, maulosiwa angagwiritsidwe ntchito kutsogolera kusonkhanitsa deta. Tangoganizani kuti panali ochepa ophunzira omwe amaphunzira maphunziro ku koleji omwe sananenere kuti adzamalize maphunziro awo; anthu awa angakhale oyenerera kuti azitenga zoyankhulana zapamwamba ndikutsatiridwa. Kotero, mu kuyitana kotereku, maulosi si mapeto; M'malo mwake, amapereka njira yatsopano yoyerezera, kupindulitsa, ndi kuphatikiza miyambo yosiyana siyana. Kuitana kotereku sikukutanthauza kugwiritsa ntchito deta kuchokera ku Fragile Families ndi Child Wellbeing Study kuti udziwe yemwe adzapite ku koleji; Ikhoza kugwiritsidwa ntchito kulongosola zotsatira zomwe zidzasonkhanitsidwe pamtundu uliwonse wautali wa chikhalidwe cha anthu.

Monga momwe ndalembera kale mu gawo lino, sipanakhale zitsanzo zambiri za anthu ochita kafukufuku omwe amagwiritsa ntchito poyitana. Ndikuganiza kuti izi ndi chifukwa chakuti maitanidwe otseguka sali oyenera bwino momwe asayansi ammudzi amafunsira mafunso awo. Pobwerera ku mphoto ya Netflix, asayansi samakonda kufunsa za kuneneratu; M'malo mwake, iwo angapemphe za momwe ndi chifukwa chake chikhalidwe chimasiyanasiyana ndi anthu ochokera m'magulu osiyanasiyana (onani mwachitsanzo, Bourdieu (1987) ). Funso loti "bwanji" ndi "chifukwa" liti silinayende pa njira zowoneka mosavuta, choncho zimawoneka kuti si zoyenera kutsegula mafoni. Kotero, zikuwoneka kuti maitanidwe otseguka ndi oyenerera kulosera mafunso kusiyana ndi mafunso ofotokozera . Komabe, akatswiri a sayansi ambuyomu adalimbikitsa akatswiri a sayansi kuti azisinkhasinkha zotsutsana pakati pa kufotokozera ndi kulongosola (Watts 2014) . Monga mzere pakati pa kuneneratu ndi kufotokozera, ndikuyembekeza kuti maitanidwe otseguka adzafala kwambiri mu kafukufuku wamtundu.