3.5.1 Ecological chinguva mazano

Vatsvakurudzi anogona rokutema kumusoro ongororo mikuru uye nokusasa muvira muupenyu hwavanhu.

Ecological duku mazano (EMA) kunosanganisira kutora tsika kuongorora, anotema navo zvimedu, uye nokusasa navo muupenyu vechikamu. Saka, mibvunzo ongororo inogona kukumbirwa nenguva uye panzvimbo rakakodzera, pane ari refu yebasa mavhiki pashure zviitiko zvakaitika.

EMA kunoratidzwa zvinhu zvina: (1) muunganidzwa mashoko chaiwo-nyika runyararo; (2) mazano kuti kutarisa vanhu 'kuitika kana kuchangobva chaizvo inoti kana maitiro; (3) mazano kuti zvingava chiitiko anotsanangura, nguva anotsanangura, kana randomly chakaita (zvichienderana tsvakurudzo mubvunzo); uye (4) kupedziswa vakawanda mazano pamusoro nguva (Stone and Shiffman 1994) . EMA chinhu nzira tichikumbira kuti akwanise chaizvo akangwara dzeserura kuti vanhu pamwe kakawanda zuva rose. Uyezve, nekuti vakachenjera dzeserura ndezvimwe pamu sensors-akadai GPS uye accelerometers-zviri kuramba zvichiita kuti pave nekukurukurirana kuyerwa kwakavakirwa basa. Somuenzaniso, mumwe akangwara dzorunhare yaigona zvichikwanisa mutange ongororo mubvunzo kana respondent achipinda imwe nharaunda.

Chipikirwa EMA anonyatsoratidzwa zvinoenzanisirwa zvidzidzo tsvakurudzo Naomi Sugie. Sezvo 1970 United States zvakawedzera zvinoshamisa uwandu vanhu kuti anosunga. Muna 2005, vanenge 500 dzose 100,000 vokuAmerica vaiva mujeri, pamwero okusungirwa kupfuura kumwe munyika (Wakefield and Uggen 2010) . Sefungu kwenhamba yevanhu kupinda mujeri rave yakabudisa Kuwedzera kwenhamba yevanhu kusiya mutirongo; vanhu vanenge 700,000 kusiya mujeri rimwe gore (Wakefield and Uggen 2010) . Ava Aimbova vatadzi vanosangana kwazvo nematambudziko pamusoro kusiya mujeri, uye zvinonzwisa tsitsi zhinji anoguma shure mujeri. Kuti tinzwisise uye kuderedza recidivism, magariro masayendisiti uye vagadziri inozowana vanofanira kunzwisisa zvakaitika Aimbova vatadzi sezvo ivo mubumbiro-kupinda vanhu. Zvisinei, mashoko aya zvakaoma kuunganidza pamwe mureza kuongorora nzira nokuti Aimbova vatadzi sokunongoitika zvakaoma kudzidza uye upenyu hwavo aiminama. Kuyerwa Nzira kuti dhipuroya kuongorora ose mwedzi mishoma kusuwa yakawanda simba rinomutsa muupenyu hwavo (Sugie 2016) .

Kuti kudzidza kunenge kupinda pakupfuura Aimbova vatadzi vane zvikuru zvakarurama, Sugie akatora mwero fungidziro nzwisa vanhu 131 kubva kwakakwana mazita vanhu kusiya mujeri Newark, New Jersey. Iye akapa imwe neimwe yeboka ane akangwara parunhare kuti akava mupfumi date muunganidzwa papuratifomu. Sugie akashandisa dzeserura kuti vachipe zviviri kuongorora. Chokutanga, iye akatumira "ruzivo zvakabudiswa Ongororo" panguva randomly vanosarudzwa nguva pakati 9am uye 6pm kubvunza vatori vechikamu pamusoro kuitika mabasa avo uye manzwiro. Chechipiri, pane 7pm, iye akatuma "Ongororo zuva nezuva" kubvunza vose mabasa iroro. Pamwe chete kuongorora izvi zviviri zvinopa zvakawanda, longitudinal mashoko pamusoro upenyu izvi Aimbova vemhosva.

Kuwedzera kuongorora izvi, foni yakanyorwa yavo nzvimbo dzimwe nguva uye akaramba encrypted zvinyorwa kudanwa uye rugwaro Meta-mashoko. Zvose izvi mashoko muunganidzwa, kunyanya pusa mashoko muunganidzwa, zvinomutsa mibvunzo yetsika, asi Sugie Magadzirirwo richitarisirwa zvakanaka. Sugie akagamuchira chinangwa omuzvarirwo kubva imwe neimwe yeboka kuti ichi date muunganidzwa, vakashandisa zvakakodzera kuchengeteka kuchengetedzwa, uye zvakaita vechikamu kudzima Nzvimbo Tracking. Uyezve, kuti kuderedza mukana kumanikidzwa Kuziviswa mashoko (semuenzaniso, mumwe sabhinha kubva mapurisa), Sugie akawana Chitupa zvakavanzika kubva yeUnited hurumende pamberi chero Data ikaunganidzwa (Beskow, Dame, and Costello 2008; Wolf et al. 2012) . zvesangano Sugie pavakapararira akaongororwa nevanhu yechitatu-nebato (wake yunivhesiti vake zvechechi Review Board), uye vakaenda kure zvinodiwa kuburikidza huripo mitemo. Zvazvakadaro, ndinofunga basa rake rinopa muenzaniso chinokosha vamwe vatsvakurudzi nematambudziko aya chete; ona Sugie (2014) uye Sugie (2016) kuti uwane kukurukurwa.

Kukwanisa kuwana uye mubatirire yakagadzikana basa kunokosha kuti tibudirire reentry kwacho. Zvisinei, Sugie akawana kuti varo vechikamu basa nazvo zvaiva kurongwa, kwenguva, uye apo neapo. Uyezve, mukati make mukwikwidzi dziva, paiva zvina vakasiyana maitiro: "mangwanani mbudo" (vaya vanotanga kutsvaka basa asi zvino vabude basa musika), "kuramba kutsvaka" (avo vanopedza yakawanda nguva kutsvaka basa) , "nekorasi basa" (avo vanopedza yakawanda kumwedzi kushanda), uye "norudaviro pasi" (avo vasingadi kuteerera kuongorora nguva dzose). Uyezve, Sugie aida kunzwisisa zvakawanda pamusoro vanhu avo vanorega kutsvaka mabasa. Mumwe mukana ndechokuti searchers izvi mwoyo uye mwoyo uye pakupedzisira vabude basa musika. Achiziva ichi mukana, Sugie akashandisa anoona ake kuunganidza umboo pamusoro kunetsa vechikamu, uye akawana kuti "mangwanani mbudo" boka haana kushuma yepamusoro nhanho mupfungwa kana usingafari. Asi, pakatarisana zvazvaiva: Vaya vakaramba kutsvaka basa yakashuma mamwe manzwiro mupfungwa. Zvose izvi yakanaka-grained, longitudinal zvizere pamusoro maitiro uye kunetsa Aimbova vemhosva kunokosha kunzwisisa chokusanzwanana avanosangana uye hake kwavo sanduko shure kupinda vanhu. Uyezve, zvose izvi wakaisvonaka-grained akadzama angadai panoitwa mwero ongororo.

Pane vakawanda zvidzidzo zvitatu kubva kubasa Sugie raMwari. Chokutanga, Nzira itsva kubvunza vane kunoenderana zvakakwana nemakwenzi ane zvakabudiswa; kuyeuka, kuti Sugie akatora mureza fungidziro yokuenzanisira kubva yakajeka furemu vemo. Chechipiri, mukuru-kakawanda, longitudinal kuyerwa zvinogona anokosha zvikuru nokuti kudzidza evanhu zviitiko zviri pamutemo uye vakagwinya. Chechitatu, kana kuongorora Data muunganidzwa unobatanidzwa pamwe digitaalinen zvisaririra, mamwe nyaya yetsika angamuka. Ndichaenda kurapa tsvakurudzo nezvetsika zvakadzama muChitsauko 6, asi basa Sugie kunoratidza kuti nyaya idzi addressable kuburikidza vaongorori nehana uye tambofunga.