5.4.1 eBird

eBird 'ohi' ikepili ma luna o nā manu mai birders; hana manawaleʻa ke hoomakaukau i Geographic pālākiō i ole noiʻi hui e hiki Aʻohe.

Manu, he wahi, a me na ornithologists makemake e ike i kahi o kela manu, ua i kēlā manawa kēia manawa. Haawi mai ia i ka pono dataset, ornithologists ke kamaʻilio i na kumu ninau nae ko lakou mau kula. O ka holo ana, o kaʻohiʻana i kēia 'ikepili no kēlāʻaoʻao o ka laulā o kekahi kanaka noiʻi. I ka manawa hoʻokahi nō, i ornithologists makemake waiwai, a oi aku i paʻa 'ikepili, "birders" -people ka poe e hele manu e kiai ana no ka leʻaleʻa, ua mau ka malama ana i na manu, a me ka moʻolelo no ka mea a lakou i ike ai. Keia mau kaiaulu ka mea, he moʻolelo loihi o ka hana pū 'ana, aka, ano keia mau alu like i ua hoopahaohao oukou ma ka mīkini makahiki. eBird ka mea, he haawi aeaiiuo ohi papahana i solicits ike mai birders a puni ke ao nei, a me ia mea i mua i loaa maluna o 260 miliona manu sightings mai 250.000 i komo (Kelling et al. 2015) .

Ma mua i ka Launch o eBird, nui o nā ikepili hana ma birders ua ou i ka noiʻi:

"Ma na tausani o na keena mehameha a puni ke ao nei i keia moe olalo i Puke Memo, Index pepa, annotated checklists, a me na diaries. Poe o kakou hoʻomau ana i birding kulanui ike pono i ka hāʻule pohō wale o ka lohe ma luna, a ma luna o hou e pili ana i 'koʻu hopena makua kāne manu mooolelo' makou i ike i ka waiwai ia lakou ke lilo. Ke kaumaha, makou no hoi i ike kakou e hiki ole ai ho ohana ia lakou. " (Fitzpatrick et al. 2002)

Aole me keia waiwai ikepili noho unused, eBird mau hiʻohiʻona nō birders e hoʻouka aku i ka centralized, mīkini hōkeoʻikepili. ʻikepili Uploaded i eBird he eono ki mahinaʻai: ka mea, ma kahi e, i ka wa a, ka? Ueony, ehia na, a me ke kākoʻo 'ana. No ka mea, 'ole-birding heluhelu, "kākoʻo' ana o" pili ia i nā kiʻina hana oiai e loina i hoʻohana. Ikepili e like ai E kaha makau i hoomaka ai a hiki i mua o ka 'ikepili ua Uploaded. Birders ho'āʻo nei e waiho hana lono-e like me papa hoike o loa pohihihi? Ueony, kiʻekiʻe loa helu, a mai loko mai o ka manawa hōʻike-ua flagged, a me ka punaewele nōna iho noi i nā hōʻike, e like me paʻi. Ma hope o kaʻohiʻohi kēia i nā 'ike, ua hoouna mai ka flagged hōʻike i kekahi o na haneri o ka hana manawaleʻa' āina 'akamai no hou hōʻike manaʻo. Ma hope o ka hoʻokolokolo 'ana ma ka' āina 'akamai, e like me hiki hou palapala me ka birder-ka flagged hōʻike i kekahi i kāpaeʻia e like me unreliable paha ua komo aku la lakou iloko o eBird hōkeoʻikepili (Kelling et al. 2012) . Keia hōkeoʻikepili a loiloi loina mea a laila i loaʻa i kekahi i loko o ke ao nei me ka Internet pilina, a pela loihi, ua hoʻohana ka mea, aneane 100 hoa-nānā 'paʻi puke (Bonney et al. 2014) . eBird maopopo hōʻike i ka poe hiki ke ohi i ka ikepili i ka mea pono maoli ornithology noiʻi hana manawaleʻa birders.

Kekahi o na wahine uʻi o eBird ka mea ia ia ka poʻe e "hana" e ka mea, ua hanaia-ma keia hihia, birding. Keia hiʻona mau hiʻohiʻona nō i ka papahana e loaʻa ai weliweli, a unahiʻole. Akā naʻe, i ka "hana" hana e birders aole pono like loa me ka 'ikepili e pono ai ma ornithologists. No ka mea, laʻana, ma ka eBird, aeaiiuo haul me ka nānā 'ana i ka wahi o birders i ka wahi o na manu. Keia 'o ia hoʻi ka mea, no ka mea, laʻana, nui loina lawelawe e ana kokoke i alanui (Kelling et al. 2012; Kelling et al. 2015) . Ma waho aʻeo kēia kaiʻewaʻewa hoi o ka makana o ka ho'āʻo pono ma luna o ka lewa, mau ka maoli loina i hanaia e birders aole maikaʻi. No ka mea, laʻana, kekahi birders hoʻouka wale 'ike e pili ana i? Ueo a lakou i noonoo Fun mamua o Uploaded' ikepili ma luna o nā mea a pau? Ueo a lakou i malama.

eBird noiʻi i ka papa kuhikuhiE pāʻoihana elua i keia mau 'ike e like aʻe, nīnūnē e haohao ana iloko o na mea he nui e ae haawi aeaiiuo ohi pāhana. Mua, eBird noiʻi ua mau imi e hōʻano hou i ka Hawaiʻi o ka 'ike i waihoia ma birders. No ka mea, laʻana, eBird e kaumaha ana i ka hoʻonaʻauao 'ia i komo, ao ka mea, ua hanaia visualizations o kela a me keia i komo ka' ikepili i, ma ko lakou manao, hōʻeuʻeu birders e hoʻouka 'ike e pili ana i na mea a pau? Ueo a pau lakou i malama, aole pono ke subset (Wood et al. 2011; Wiggins 2011) . Lua, eBird noiʻi ho ohana ana helu ana hoʻohālike e hoao i ka hooponopono i ka walaʻau a me heterogeneous ano o ka maka ikepili. No ka mea, aole i maopopo ina keia mau ana helu Ke Ana Hoʻohālike loa hoonee biases mai nā ikepili, aka, ornithologists Ua ikaika lawa iloko o ka kbps o ka hoʻoponopono iho eBird 'ike a pau, e like me ua olelo mua aku, ua hoʻohanaʻia ma aneane 100 hoa-nānā' akeakamai a paʻi puke.

Nui ole-ornithologists he initially loa-Liloa i ko lakou lohe ana eBird no ka manawa mua. I koʻu manao, o keia skepticism hele mai ana mai ka manao ana eBird ma ka hewa alanui. He nui nā kānaka mua manaʻo "O ka eBird ikepili hemolele?", A me ka pane loa, aole. Eia naʻe, ka mea, aole ka mea i nīnau pono. Ka ninau pono oia, "No ka mea, kekahi noiʻi ninau, oia ke eBird ikepili mamua o na ornithology aeaiiuo?" No ka mea, ua nīnau ka pane, ua maopopo leʻa ae, ma ka hapa no ka mea, no ka mea, he nui na mea pohihihi o ka uku kuala, aole he realistic kekahi papa hana i haawi aeaiiuo ohi.

Ka eBird papahana hōʻikeʻike ia he mea hiki ke hana manawaleʻa pū i loko o ka ohi ana i mea nui iao? Aeaiiuo. Eia naʻe, eBird, a me nā papahana, wehewehe i ka hana nui loa ia e pili i ka mea hōʻikeʻikeʻuʻuku a me ka 'ike e like ai, he pili no ka mea, haawi aeaiiuo ohi pāhana. E like me kakou e ike ai ma ka lalo nei, naʻe, me ka akamai manao a me ka 'ike loea hou i keia mau mea e hopohopo nei e hiki ke minimized iloko o kekahi napoo ana no hoi;