5.3.4 Panina

Open kelepona mai e na poe akamai i, a non-mau loea, he manao pāʻoihana i ka pilikia kahi pāʻoihana, ua hiki pono e nānā mamua paha.

Ma na mea a pau ekolu hamama kahea hana-Netflix uku, Foldit, nā hoa-i-Palapala Sila Nui-noiʻi posed ninau o kekahi 'ano, ua noi pāʻoihana, a laila,ʻo ka maikaʻi loa pāʻoihana lalau. I ka noiʻi i hiki pono ai e ike i ka pono akamai, e noi aku, a me kekahi manawa i ka manaʻo maikaʻi i hele mai unexpected wahi.

Ano, aole e hiki no hoi ke kahińuli i kaʻokoʻa ma waena hamama kapa hana, a me ke kanaka hou a nā papahana. Mua, i wehe kapa pōʻaiapuni o ke kanaka noiʻi specifies i ka pahu hopu (e like me, ka luaÿi Movie Estate) no ka mea i loko o ke kanaka hou a ka noiʻi specifies ke anakahi iki-hana (e like me, classifying ka galaxy). Lua, i hamama kelepona mai i ka noiʻi i makemake ka mea maikaʻi na makana, i ka mea maikaʻi algorithm no ka luaÿi Movie Estate, ka haahaa, ka ikehu AEIAa o ke kumuʻiʻo, a me ka pili loa apana ma mua o oe, i kekahi ano o ka noonoo pu ana o na mea a pau o nā haʻawina.

Haawi mai i ka nui UAAIIeIA no hamama kelepona mai, a me keia ekolu ano he kumu hoʻohālike, heaha ano o na pilikia ma ka lawelawe noiʻi i e pono ai keia kokoke loa i kahi? Ma keia wahi, aole au e ae aku i ka mea i ole oe i ka nuiʻana examples nae, (no ka mea, kumu a pau aʻu e hoakaka aku iloko o ka minute). I ka olelo o ala analogues, mea hiki ke manao wale e ke hoa-i-Palapala Sila Nui kaila papahana i hoʻohana 'ia e ka Historical kanaka noiʻi imi i ka mea mua palapala e hōʻike i kekahi kanaka ai' ole manaʻo. i ka wa a na palapala pili ole i ohi ia i loko o ka hoʻokahi 'Ahu aka, ua hoʻomano haawi An hamama kāhea hoʻokokoke mai i keia ano o ka pilikia e hiki e ka oi aku waiwai.

More nui, he nui loa aupuni i hiki ia ia ke lilo amenable e wehe kelepona mai no ka mea, ua kokoke ana e pili ana wānana i hiki ke hoʻohana 'ia e alakai hana pilikia (Kleinberg et al. 2015) . No ka mea, laʻana, e like me ka Netflix i makemake ai e kilokilo Estate ma kiʻiʻoniʻoni, aupuni ke makemake e kilokilo nā haumāna e like me ka Hawaii, he loa e loaa ke ola kivila aʻe 'ana i mea e līkaia nana waiwai hou ka maiau. Kūpaʻa ma keia ano o ka pilikia, Glaeser et al. (2016) hoʻohana i hamama kāhea e kōkua i ke kulanakauhale o Boston kilokilo Hawaii kou niho a me ka sanitation aʻe 'ana ma muli o kaʻikepili mai Yelp nāʻana a me ka moʻolelo nana ikepili. Glaeser a me nā hoapili manaʻo i ka predictive ho i lanakila 'o ia i ka hamama kahea e hoʻoikaika i ka hana a Hawaii, ma luna, ma kahi o 50%. Pāʻoihana hoi he pilikia, me ka like 'ole e like me ka luaÿi Customer churn (Provost and Fawcett 2013) .

Eia ke oki, ma ka hou e wehe kelepona mai i pū nā haumāna a pau i hiki mua o kekahi ua ike iho (e like me, ka luaÿi ola kivila 'aʻe' ia ka hoʻohana 'ana i ka' ikepili i hala ola kivila aʻe 'ana), kekahi ke manao wale luaÿi nā haumāna a pau i ole hiki mai nae i kekahi i loko o ka dataset . No ka mea, laʻana, ka mea Fragile nāʻohana, a me Child Wellbeing kuka nei lakou i pūʻolo ma kahi o 5,000 keiki mai ka hanau i ka 20ʻokoʻa US kulanakauhale (Reichman et al. 2001) . Ua ohi noiʻi 'ikepili o keia mau keiki, o ko lakou mau ohana, a me ko lakou mau hoʻomāhuahua' ia i hānau, a ma makahiki 1, 3, 5, 9, a me 15. Ua haawiia i ka 'ike e pili ana i keia mau keiki, pehea la e hiki pono noiʻi kilokilo nā haumāna e like me ka mea e puka mai kula nui? Ai ole ia, i hoike ia ma ke ala i e e oi aku hoʻi i hoihoi i ka nui noiʻi, i ka ikepili a me na theories e lilo loa kona mana iloko o ka luaÿi mau hopena? No ka mea, o keia mau keiki ua a ianoiyuaa a kahiko kupono e hele i ke kulanui,ʻo ia, heʻoiaʻiʻo i mua, e nana ana i ka olelo wanana a he nui naʻokoʻa papa kōnane i noiʻi ke hoohana. A noiʻi o ka mea e manaoio ia mau kaiāulu, ua noho pilikia i ka shaping ola nā haumāna i lawe i kekahi kokoke loa i kahi o Aiwohikupua i wahi kanaka noiʻi e kālele ana ma ka 'ohana e hana i kekahi mea okoa loa. Ka mea o keia mau hoʻokokoke mai e hana pono? Aole makou i ike, a ma ke kaʻina o loaa aku ia kakou ke aʻo kekahi mea nui e pili ana i 'ohana, mau kaiāulu, ka hoʻonaʻauao, a me ka nohona like ole. Eia, keia mau wānana i ke hoʻohana 'ia e alakai mua aeaiiuo ohi. Manao wale ia he he uuku o ke kulanui puka i ka poe aole i pukana i puka ma kekahi o nā ana hoʻohālike; keia kanaka e e maikaʻi moho no ka mea, ma hope-up qualitative ninaninau a hoʻopaʻahao, a me yoiia pono ana. Pela, ma keia ano o ka hamama kahea, na ke wānana i ka hopena, aole; e aho, iho la lakou i kekahi kanaka hou aku e hoʻokūkū, hoʻowaiwai, a hui pu iho la okoa theoretical kuʻuna Hawaiʻi. I keia ano o ka hamama kahea, aole ia i ho'ākāka 'ia ka hoʻohana' ana i ka 'ikepili mai Fragile nāʻohana e kilokilo ka mea e hele ana i ke kulanui. ka mea hiki ke hoʻohana 'ia e kilokilo i kekahi hoʻokūkū i e ho'ōla e ohi i loko o kekahi longitudinal nohona ikepili huapalapala.

E like me au i palapala aku mamua ma keia pauku, aole i ole oukou i na mea he nui examples o ka lawelawe noiʻi me hamama kelepona mai. Ke manao nei au o keia mea, no ka hamama kelepona mai, ua, aole pono Ka Pakipika i ke ala e lawelaweʻepekema nō kāu hiki i ko lakou ninau. Hoi i ka Netflix makana, ka nohona epekema e, aole i hookuu ninau e pili ana i ka luaÿi ho'āʻo iho au, aole lakou e noi ana i ai no ke aha la moʻomeheu ho'āʻo iho au i ka oko no ka poe kanaka, maiʻano nohona papa (Bourdieu 1987) . Ia "Pehea" a me "No ke aha la" nīnau mai alakai i ka oluolu e hōʻoia pāʻoihana, a nolaila, he poorly e pono e wehe kelepona. Pela, eia kahi mea akaka ka hamama kelepona mai ua oi aku amenable i ka ninau o ka olelo wanana a mamua o kekahi mau mea o olelo hoakaka; no ka mea, ua oi maluna o ke hoʻokaʻawale i waena o ka olelo wanana a me ka wehewehe ike Breiman (2001) . Recent theorists, nae, ua hea aku i ka lawelaweʻepekema e noonoo i ka dichotomy ma waena o wehewehe a me ka wānana ' (Watts 2014) . E like me ka laina ma waena o ka olelo wanana a me ka wehewehe blurs, I manao nei hamama hoopapa, e lilo increasingly, he pono ole iloko o ka nohona sciences.