5.3.2 Foldit

I-Foldit iyi-protein-folding game eyenza abangewona ochwepheshe ukuba bahlanganyele ngendlela ejabulisayo.

Umklomelo we-Netflix, ngenkathi ukhuthaza futhi ucacile, awufaneli uhla olugcwele lwamaphrojekthi wekholi evulekile. Isibonelo, Emkhatsini weNetflix labanyenti lababebambe iqhaza kakhulu babe neminyaka yekuqeqeshwa ekufundzeni nasekufundzeni kwemishini. Kodwa, amaphrojekthi okuvula ucingo angabandakanya abahlanganyeli abangenakho ukuqeqeshwa okusemthethweni, njengoba kuboniswe nguFoldit, umdlalo we-protein-folding.

Ukuphoqa amaprotheni yindlela inhlanganisela yama-amino acids eyenziwa ngayo. Ngokuqonda kangcono le nqubo, izazi zezinto eziphilayo zingayilalisa amaprotheni ngamabomu akhethekile angasetshenziswa njengemithi. Ukululaza kancane kancane, amaprotheni ajwayele ukuthutha ekusetshenzisweni kwawo kwamandla aphansi, ukumiswa okulinganisa ukuqhuma okuhlukahlukene nokudonsa ngaphakathi kwiprotheni (umfanekiso 5.7). Ngakho-ke, uma umcwaningi efuna ukubikezela ukuma lapho amaprotheni ayowafakela khona, ikhambi lizwakala lilula: zama nje konke ukulungiswa okusemandleni, ubale amandla abo, futhi ubikezele ukuthi amaprotheni azogobhoza ekusetshenzisweni kwamandla aphansi kakhulu. Ngeshwa, ukuzama konke ukulungiselelwa okunokwenzeka kungenakwenzeka ngenxa yokuthi kunezinkulungwane zezigidi nezigidi zamalungiselelo angenzeka. Ngisho namakhompyutha anamandla kakhulu atholakalayo namuhla-futhi esikhathini esizayo esizayo-amandla angasebenzi ngeke nje asebenze. Ngakho-ke, izazi zezinto eziphilayo zenze izinhlelo eziningi zokuhlakanipha ukuze zifune ngokucophelela ukucushwa okuphansi kakhulu kwamandla. Kodwa, naphezu kwemali enkulu yesayensi nesimiso sokuzicubungula, lezi zilungiswa zisekude kakhulu.

Umdwebo 5.7: Ukuphoqa amaprotheni. Isithombe sihlonishwa ngo- "DrKjaergaard" / Wikimedia Commons .

UDavid Baker kanye neqembu lakhe lokucwaninga eYunivesithi yaseWashington babeyingxenye yomphakathi ososayensi abasebenzela ukudala izindlela zokuqamba amaprotheni ukubopha. Ngomunye umklamo, uB Baker nosebenza nabo bathuthukisa uhlelo olwenza amavolontiya anikeze isikhathi esingasetshenzisiwe kuma-computer awo ukuze asize ukulinganisa amaprotheni ukugoqa. Ngokuphindaphindiwe, izisebenzi zokuvolontiya zingabuka isikrini se-screensaver esibonisa ukunamathiswa kwamaprotheni okwakwenzeka kukhompyutha yabo. Abaningana kulaba bavolontiya babhalela uBaba nabanye osebenza nabo ukuthi bacabanga ukuthi bangathuthukisa ukusebenza komshini uma bebengase bahlanganyele ekubalweni. Futhi ngaleyo ndlela yaqala iFoldit (Hand 2010) .

I-Foldit iphenduka inqubo yamaphrotheni ephoqa emdlalweni ongadlalwa yinoma ubani. Ngombono womdlali, i-Foldit ibonakala iyinhlaziyi (umfanekiso 5.8). Abadlali banikezwa ngendwangu yesithathu yamaprotheni futhi bangenza imisebenzi- "tweak," "ukugqoka," "kabusha" -ukushintsha ukuma kwayo. Ngokwenza labadlali abadlali bashintshe ukuma kwiprotheni, okuyinto eyandisa noma iyanciphisa amaphuzu abo. Ngokweqile, amaphuzu abalwa ngokususelwa ezingeni lezamandla lokucushwa kwamanje; ukulungiswa kwamandla aphansi kwenza imiphumela ephakeme. Ngamanye amazwi, amaphuzu asiza ukuhola abadlali njengoba befuna ukulungiswa kwamandla aphansi. Lo mdlalo uyenzeka kuphela ngoba-njengokubikezela ukulinganisa kwe-movie ku-pliethini ye-Netflix-Priding iphinda isimo lapho kulula ukuhlola izixazululo kunokuzikhiqiza.

Umdwebo 5.8: Isikrini segeyimu seFoldit. Kuthiwe imvume evela ku-http: //www.fold.it.

Umklamo omuhle weFoldit wenza abadlali abanolwazi oluncane olusemthethweni lwe-biochemistry ukuba bancintisane nezinhlelo ezihle kakhulu ezihlelwe ochwepheshe. Ngesikhathi abadlali abaningi bengaboni kahle kulo msebenzi, kunabathile abadlali abambalwa namathimba amancane abadlali abahlukile. Eqinisweni, emncintiswaneni oyinhloko phakathi kwe-Foldit nabadlali be-state-of-the-art, izidlali zakha izixazululo ezingcono ezinamaprotheni ama-5 kwangu-10 (Cooper et al. 2010) .

I-Foldit ne-Netflix umklomelo zihlukile ngezindlela eziningi, kodwa zombili zibandakanya izingcingo ezivulekile zokuxazulula izixazululo ezilula ukuhlola kunokukhiqiza. Manje, sizobona isakhiwo esifanayo nakwezinye izimo ezihlukile kakhulu: umthetho we-patent. Lesi sibonelo sokugcina senkinga yekholi evulekile sibonisa ukuthi le ndlela ingasetshenziswa futhi kumasethingi angacacile ukuthi angenakho ukulinganisa.