Mahadnaq

Buugani wuxuu leeyahay cutub dhamaystiran oo ku saabsan iskaashiga ballaaran, laakiin laftiisu waa iskaashi ballaaran. Xaqiiqda fudud ee buuggani ma jiri doono maahan taageerada deeqda badan ee dad badan oo qurux badan iyo ururo. Sidaa darteed, aad ayaan u mahadcelinayaa.

Dad badan ayaa bixiyay warcelin ku saabsan hal ama kabadan cutubyadaas ama waxay wada sheekeysi la yeesheen buuggan. Wareysigan qiimaha leh, waxaan ku faraxsanahay Hunt Allcott, David Baker, Solon Baracas, Chico Bastos, Ken Benoit, Clark Bernier, Michael Bernstein, Megan Blanchard, Josh Blumenstock, Tom Boellstorff, Robert Bond, Moira Burke, Yo Yo Chen, Dalton Conley, Shelley Correll, Jennifer Doleac, Don Dillam, Don Dillman, Ethan Fast, Nick Feamster, Cybelle Fox, Maggie Frye, Alan Gerber, Sharad Goel, Don Green, Eitan Hersh, Jake Hofman, Greg Huber, Joanna Huey, Patrick Ishizuka, Ben Jones , Steve Kelling, Dawn Koffman, Sasha Killewald, Harrissa Lamothe, Andrés Lajous, David Lee, Amy Lerman, Meagan Levinson, Andrew Ledford, Kevin Lewis, Dai Li, Karen Levy, Ian Lundberg, Xiao Ma, Andrew Mao, John Levi Martin, Judie Miller, Arvind Naranyanan, Gina Neff, Cathy O'Neil, Nicole Pangborn, Ryan Parsons, Devah Pager, Arnout van de Rijt, David Rothschild, Bill Salganik, Laura Salganik, Christian Sandvig, Mattias Smångs, Sid Suri, Naomi Sugie, Brandon Stewart, Michael Szell, Sean Taylor, Florencia Torche, Rajan Vaish, Jan et Vertesi, Taylor Winfield, Han Zhang, iyo Simone Zhang. Waxaan sidoo kale jeclaan lahaa inaan u mahad celiyo saddex dib-u-eegis aan qarsoodi ahayn oo bixiyay jawaab celin wax ku ool ah.

Waxaan sidoo kale ka helay jawaab celin cajiib ah oo ku saabsan qoraallada qoraallada ka soo qaybgalayaasha ee dib u eegista Furan: akustov, benzevenbergen, bp3, cailinh, cc23, cfelton, chase171, danivos, DBLarremore, kala duwan, dmerson, dmf, efosse, fasiha, hrthomas, huntr, Isticmaalka, Jet-ka, Jboy, jeremycohen, jeschonnek.1, jorous, judell, jugander, kerrymcc, leohavemann, LMZ, MMisra, Nick_Adams, nicolemarwell, nir, qofka, pkrafft, raminasotoudeh, rchew, rkharkar, sculliwag, sjk, Stephen_L_Morgan, sweissman, dufka, iyo vnemana. Waxaan sidoo kale jeclaan lahaa inaan u mahadceliyo Foundation Sloan iyo Josh Greenberg si ay u taageeraan qalabka dib u eegista furan. Haddii aad jeclaan lahayd in aad buuggaaga ku dhejiso iyada oo loo marayo dib u eegid Furan, fadlan booqo http://www.openreviewtoolkit.org.

Waxaan sidoo kale jeclaan lahaa inaan u mahadceliyo qabanqaabiyeyaasha iyo kaqeybgalayaasha dhacdooyinka soo socda oo aan fursad u helay inaan ka hadlo buugga: Cornell Tech Connective Media Seminar; Xarunta Princeton ee Daraasadda Siyaasadda Siyaasadda Siyaasadeed; Stanford HCI Colloquium; Berkeley Sociology Colloquium; Russell Sage Foundation Working Group ee Sayniska Bulshada ee Xisaabaadka; Princeton DeCamp Bioethics Seminar; Columbia Nidaamka Macaamilka ee Sayniska Bulshada Siyaasadda Socdaalka Booqashada; Kooxda Princeton Center for Information Technology Technology Teknolojiyada iyo Bulshada Akhriska; Machadka Simons ee Aragtida Cilmi-Baarista Xisaabeed ee Tilmaamaha Cusub ee Xisaabta Bulshada & Sayniska Warbixinta; Machadyada Cilmi baarista Macluumaadka iyo Bulshada; Jaamacadda Chicago, Iskuxidhka Bulshada; Shirka Caalamiga ah ee Sayniska Cilmiga Bulshada; Iskuulada Xagaaga Sayniska xogta Microsoft Research; Bulshada Sayniska Sanadka iyo Dhaqanka (SIAM) Kulanka Sanadlaha ah; Jaamacadda Indiana, Karl F. Schuessler Maaddooyinka Aqoonyahanka Cilmi-baarista Bulshada; Machadka Internetka ee Oxford; MIT, Dugsiga Sare ee Sloan; Cilmi-baarista AT & T 'Renaissance Technologies; Jaamacadda Washington, Sayniska Sayniska Warbixinta; SocInfo 2016; Microsoft Research, Redmond; Johns Hopkins, Xarunta Cilmi Baarista Dadweynaha; Seminar Sayniska Warbixinta Aqoonta Magaalada New York; iyo ICWSM 2017.

Arday badan oo sanado badan ayaa qaabeeyay fikradaha buuggan. Waxaan si gaar ah u jeclaan lahaa inaan ugu mahadnaqo ardayda Saynisyahanka 503 (Tababarka iyo Hababka Sayniska Bulshada) ee Guga 2016 si aad u akhrisato qaybta hore ee qoraallada, iyo ardayda Jaamicadda 596 (Sayniska Cilmiga Bulshada) ee Fall 2017 si loo tijaabiyo tijaabin dhamaystiran qoraalka buug-gacmeedka ee fasalka dhexdiisa.

Ilo kale oo cajiib ah oo cajiib ah ayaa ahayd aqoon-is-weydaarsi qoraal ah oo ay soo diyaarisay Xarunta Baaritaanka Dimoqraadiyadda ee Princeton. Waxaan jeclaan lahaa inaan u mahadceliyo Marcus Prior iyo Michele Epstein oo gacan ka geysta taageeridda aqoon isweydaarsiga. Waxaan jeclaan lahaa inaan u mahad celiyo dhammaan ka qaybgalayaasha ka soo qayb galay noloshooda mashquulka ah si ay iiga caawiyaan inaan hagaajiyo buugga: Elizabeth Bruch, Paul DiMaggio, Filiz Garip, Meagan Levinson, Karen Levy, Mor Naaman, Sean Taylor, Markus Prior, Jess Metcalf , Brandon Stewart, Duncan Watts, iyo Han Zhang. Xaqiiqdii waxay ahayd maalin cajiib ah-mid ka mid ah ugu xiisaha badan iyo abaalmarinta shaqadayda oo idil-waxaan rajeynayaa in aan awoodey in aan lafaguro qaar ka mid ah xigmadda laga soo qaado qolkaas.

Dad tiro yar ayaa uqalma mahadnaq gaar ah. Duncan Watts waxay ahayd la-taliye diineed, waxaanay ahayd niyad-jebintii aan ku faraxday cilmi-baarista bulshada ee da'da digital-ka ah; iyada oo aan waayo-aragnimo ah ee aan ku lahaa dugsiga qalin-jabsan ee buuggani ma jiri doono. Paul DiMaggio wuxuu ahaa qofkii ugu horeeyay ee igu dhiirigeliya inaan qoro buuggan. Dhamaantood waxay dhaceen galabtii intii aan labadaba sugeyno mashiinka kafeega ee Wallace Hall, wali waxaan xasuustaa tan iyo wakhtigaas, fikradda qorista buug walbana marnaba ma dhaafin maskaxdayda. Waxaan si qoto dheer uga mahadcelinayaa isaga oo igu qanciyay inaan haysto wax aan ku hadlo. Waxaan sidoo kale jeclaan lahaa inaan u mahadceliyo Karen Levy si aan u akhriyo ku dhawaad ​​dhammaan qaybaha cutubka ugu horeeya ee foomamka ugu xun; Waxay iga caawisay inaan arko sawirka weyn markii aan ku riixay haramaha. Waxaan jeclaan lahaa inaan u mahadceliyo Arvind Narayanan oo iga caawiya inaan diirada saaro oo aan dib u eego doodaha buuggan ku saabsan qado badan oo cajiib ah. Brandon Stewart had iyo jeer waxay ku faraxsan tahay in ay sheekeyso ama fiiriso cutubyada, aragtidiisa iyo dhiirrigelintiisuna waxay iga dhigeen inaan hore u socdo, xitaa markii aan bilaabay inaan ka boodo dhinacyada. Ugu dambeyntii, waxaan jeclaan lahaa inaan u mahad celiyo Marissa King oo iga caawinaya inaan u sheego buuggan buugan hal galab oo qorrax leh oo ku yaal New Haven.

Intii aan qori laheyn buuggan, waxaan ka faa'iidaystay taageerada saddexda hay'adood ee cajiibka ah: Jaamacadda Princeton, Microsoft Research, iyo Cornell Tech. Marka hore, Jaamacadda Princeton, waxaan u mahadcelinayaa asxaabteyda iyo ardayda ee Waaxda Socdaalka si loo abuuro loona ilaaliyo dhaqanka diirran iyo taageero. Waxaan sidoo kale jeclaan lahaa inaan u mahad celiyo Siyaasadda Isticmaalka Macluumaadka Teknoolajiyada si ay i siiso guri labaad oo caqligal ah oo aan wax ka baran karo sida cilmi-baaristu ay u aragto adduunka. Qeybo ka mid ah buuggan ayaa la qoray intii aan ku sugnaaday Princeton, iyo inta lagu jiro ciddii caleemaha ahayd nasiib baan ku filanahay inaan ku qaato laba ka mid ah jaaliyadaha khiyaaliga ah ee cajiibka ah. Marka hore, waxaan jeclaan lahaa inaan u mahad celiyo Microsoft cilmi baarista New York si ay gurigeyga ugu noqoto 2013-14. Jennifer Chayes, David Pennock, iyo kooxda cilmiga bulshada oo dhan oo dhan waxay ahaayeen marti-galayaal cajiib ah iyo asxaab. Marka labaad, waxaan jeclaan lahaa inaan u mahadceliyo Cornell Tech oo ah gurigeyga sannadka 2015-16. Dan Huttenlocher, Mor Naaman, iyo qof kasta oo ka shaqeeya Social Technologies Lab ayaa ka caawiyay inay ka dhigaan Cornell Tech jawi ku haboon inaan ku dhammeeyo buuggan. Siyaabo badan, buuggani wuxuu ku saabsan yahay isugeynta fikradaha ka soo baxa sayniska iyo sayniska bulshada, iyo Microsoft Research iyo Cornell Tech waa noocyada noocan ah ee caqli-celinta iskutallaabta ah.

Intii aan buuggan qoray, waxaan haystay caawinaad cilmi baaris oo wanaagsan. Waxaan u mahadcelinayaa Han Zhang, gaar ahaan kaalintiisa ku sameynta garaafyada buuggan. Waxaan u mahadcelinayaa Yo-Yo Chen, gaar ahaan iyada oo gacan ka geysaneysa qoritaanka hawlaha buuggan. Ugu dambeyntii, waxaan u mahadcelinayaa Judie Miller iyo Kristen Matlofsky si ay u caawiyaan dhamaan noocyada kala duwan.

Qaybta webka ee buuggan waxaa sameeyay Lay Baker, Paul Yuen, iyo Alan Ritari oo ka tirsan kooxda Agathon. Iyagoo la shaqeynaya mashruucaan waxay ahayd farxad, sida had iyo jeer. Waxaan si gaar ah u jeclaan lahaa inaan u mahadnaqo Luukos sidoo kale sidoo kale horumarinta geeddi-socodka dhismaha ee buugan iyo caawimadayda si aan u socdo geesaha madow ee Go, Pandoc, iyo Samaynta.

Waxaan jeclaan lahaa inaan u mahad celiyo dadka wax soo qoraya mashaariicda soo socda ee loo isticmaalo: Go, pandoc, pandoc-crossref, pandoc-citeproc, pandoc-citeproc-preamble, Hypothesis, Middleman, Bootstrap, Nokogiri, GNU Samee, Vagrant, Caqli, LaTeX, iyo Zotero. Dhammaan garaafyada buugan waxaa lagu sameeyay R (R Core Team 2016) , waxaana loo adeegsaday xirmooyinkan soo socda: ggplot2 (Wickham 2009) , Dedar (Hadley Wickham and Francois 2015) , reshape2 (Wickham 2007) , Hadra (Hadley Wickham 2015) , gaari (Fox and Weisberg 2011) , cunnida (Wilke 2016) , png (Urbanek 2013) , xawaaraha (R Core Team 2016) , iyo ggrepel (Slowikowski 2016) . Waxaan sidoo kale jeclaan lahaa inaan u mahadceliyo Kieran Healy si uu blog post uu igu soo bilaabo Pandoc.

Waxaan jeclaan lahaa inaan u mahad celiyo Arnout van de Rijt iyo David Rothschild si ay u bixiyaan xogta loo isticmaalo in lagu soo bandhigo qaar ka mid ah garaafyada ka soo baxa waraaqahooda iyo Josh Blumenstock iyo Raj Chetty si ay u sameeyaan faylal faylasha dadweynaha.

Jaamacadda Princeton University Press, waxaan jeclaan lahaa inaan u mahad celiyo Eric Schwartz oo ah kii ugu horreeyay ee mashruucan ku rumaysnaa bilowgii, Meagan Levinson oo ka caawiyay inuu runta u dhigo. Meagan waxay ahayd tifaftiraha ugu wanaagsan ee qoraagu ku yeelan karo; Waxay had iyo jeer joogtay in ay taageerto mashruucan, waqtiyo fiican iyo waqtiyo xun. Waxaan u mahad naqayaa sida ay u taageertay horumarka madaama mashruuca uu isbeddelay. Al Bertrand ayaa shaqo fiican qabtay intii lagu jiray fasaxa Meagan, Samantha Nader iyo Kathleen Cioffi waxay gacan ka geysteen in buugan lagu soo rogo buug dhab ah.

Ugu dambeyn, waxaan jeclaan lahaa inaan u mahadceliyo asxaabteyda iyo qoyska. Waxaad ka taageertay mashruucan siyaabo badan, badanaa siyaabaha aadan ogeyn. Waxaan si gaar ah jeclaan lahaa in aan u mahad celiyo waalidiintayda, Laura iyo Bill, iyo waalidkeyga soddogga ah, Jim iyo Cheryl, iyaga oo fahamsan marka mashruucan uu socday iyo ka dib. Sidoo kale waxaan jeclaan lahaa inaan u mahadceliyo ilmahayga. El iyo Theo, waxaad i weydiisay marar badan marka buugeyga ugu dambeyntii la dhammeeyo. Waa hagaag, waa dhammaatay. Iyo, ugu muhiimsan, waxaan rabaa inaan u mahadceliyo xaaskeyga Amanda. Waxaan hubaa inaad aad u yaabtay markii buuggani ugu dambayntii la dhammeeyo, laakiin weligaa ma tusin. Sanadihii aan ka shaqeeyay buuggan, waxaan maqanahay wax badan, jidh ahaan iyo maskax ahaan labadaba. Aad ayaan ugu faraxsanahay taageeradaada iyo jacaylkaaga aan waligaa aheyn.