Ihe ị gụrụ na-esote
- Ink blot (ngalaba 1.1)
Maka nkọwa zuru ezu banyere oru ngo nke Blumenstock na ndị ọrụ gị, lee isi nke 3 nke akwụkwọ a.
- Nabata na afọ dijitalụ (ngalaba nke 1.2)
Gleick (2011) enye nkọwa nchịkọta akụkọ banyere mgbanwe nke ikike mmadụ nwere iji nakọta, chekwaa, zipu, na ịhazi ozi.
Maka mmeghe na oge dijitalụ nke na-elekwasị anya na nsogbu ndị nwere ike imebi, dịka mmebi iwu nzuzo, lee Abelson, Ledeen, and Lewis (2008) na Mayer-Schönberger (2009) . Maka mmeghe na afọ dijitalụ nke na-elekwasị anya na ohere, lee Mayer-Schönberger and Cukier (2013) .
Maka ịmatakwu banyere ụlọ ọrụ na-ejikọta nchọpụta n'ime omume oge, lee Manzi (2012) , na maka ihe gbasara nsụgharị nsụgharị nke ụlọ ọrụ ụwa, lee Levy and Baracas (2017) .
Ụdị afọ nke oge ochie nwere ike ịbụ ma ngwá na ihe ọmụmụ. Dịka ọmụmaatụ, ị nwere ike ịchọrọ iji mgbasa ozi ọha na eze na-atụle echiche ọha mmadụ ma ọ bụ ị nwere ike ịchọ ịghọta mmetụta nke mgbasa ozi ọha na eze na echiche ọha mmadụ. N'otu oge, usoro dijitalụ dịka ngwá ọrụ na-enyere gị aka ime nhazi ọhụrụ. N'ọnọdụ ọzọ, usoro dijitalụ bụ ihe ọmụmụ. Maka ndị ọzọ gbasara Sandvig and Hargittai (2015) a, lee Sandvig and Hargittai (2015) .
- Nchọpụta nyocha (ngalaba 1.3)
Maka ihe ndị ọzọ gbasara nchọpụta nchọpụta na sayensị, hụ King, Keohane, and Verba (1994) , Singleton and Straits (2009) , na Khan and Fisher (2013) .
Donoho (2015) akọwa sayensị data dị ka ọrụ nke ndị mmadụ na-amụta site na data, ọ na-enye akụkọ ihe mere eme nke sayensị data, na-enyocha ọgụgụ isi nke ubi ka ndị ọkà mmụta dị ka Tukey, Cleveland, Chambers, na Breiman.
Maka otu onye mbụ na-akọ banyere ịhazi nchọpụta mmadụ na afọ ole na ole, lee Hargittai and Sandvig (2015) .
- Isiokwu nke akwụkwọ a (ngalaba 1.4)
Maka ịmatakwu maka ịgwakọta ihe ndị a na-edozi na nke a na-emepụta, lee Groves (2011) .
Maka ihe banyere ọdịda nke "ịdenye aha," lee isi 6 nke akwụkwọ a. Otu usoro ihe omuma nke Blumenstock na ndi ozo jiri mee ka ndi mmadu baa uru nwere ike ime ka ha nwekwuo ihe ndi mmadu nwere ike ime ka ha (Kosinski, Stillwell, and Graepel 2013) .
