5.4.3 Mmechi

-Ekesa data collection kwere omume, na-eme n'ọdịnihu ga-abụ na-agụnye technology na n'ezinụlọ òkè.

Dị ka eBird-egosi, na-ekesa data collection ga-eji na nnyocha sayensị. Ọzọkwa, PhotoCity na-egosi na nsogbu metụtara ụfọdụ na data àgwà ndị nwere ike solvable.

Olee otú mmadụ nwere na-ekesa data collection ọrụ na-elekọta mmadụ research? Otu ihe gosiri na-abịa site ọrụ nke Susan Watkins na ya ọrụ ibe ke Malawi Journals Project (Watkins and Swidler 2009; Kaler, Watkins, and Angotti 2015) . Na nke a oru ngo, 22 ndị bi n'ógbè na-akpọ "ndi oru nta akuko" -kept "mkparịta ụka magazin" na e dere, n'ụzọ zuru ezu, na mkparịta ụka ha nụrụ banyere AIDS na-eme ná ndụ ndị mmadụ nkịtị (na oge oru ngo malitere, ihe 15% nke ndị toworo eto nọ na Malawi bu nje HIV (Bello, Chipeta, and Aberle-Grasse 2006) ). N'ihi na ha na Ọnọnime ọnọdụ, ndị a ndi oru nta akuko na-enwe ike nụpere mkparịta ụka na-ahụ pụrụ ịbụ keerughi Susan Watkins na ya Western nnyocha rụkọrọ ọrụ (Aga m ekeneme ụkpụrụ ọma ndị a gasịrị na isi mgbe m na-enye ndụmọdụ banyere emebe gị onwe gị uka mmekota oru ngo ). The data site na Malawi Journals Project emewo ka a ọnụ ọgụgụ nke dị mkpa Nchoputa. Dị ka ihe atụ, tupu oru ngo malitere, ọtụtụ outsiders kweere na e nwere ide banyere AIDS na sub-Saharan Afrika, ma magazin gosiri na nke a bụ n'ụzọ doro anya abụghị ikpe: ndi oru nta akuko nụrụ ọtụtụ narị mkparịta ụka n'isiokwu, na ọnọdụ nnọọ iche dị ka ili ozu , Ogwe, na chọọchị dị iche iche. Ọzọkwa, ọdịdị nke mkparịta ụka ndị a nyeere na-eme nnyocha ighotazi ufodu nke iguzogide condom ojiji; otú ahụ ka condom ojiji e gosikwa na ike ọha ozi bụ ekwekọghị n'ụzọ na a tụlere ná ndụ kwa ụbọchị (Tavory and Swidler 2009) .

N'ezie, dị ka data site eBird, na data site na Malawi Journals Project a ezughị okè, otu ihe iseokwu ahụ n'ụzọ sara mbara site Watkins na ibe. Dị ka ihe atụ, ndị dere mkparịta ụka na-adịghị a random sample nke ihe nile o kwere omume mkparịta ụka. Kama nke ahụ, ha na-na-ezughị ezu onuogugu nke mkparịta ụka banyere AIDS. Na okwu nke data àgwà, na-eme nnyocha kweere na ha ndi oru nta akuko di elu-edu akụkọ, dị ka ọ pụtara ìhè site anọgidesi n'ime Starry na gafee magazin. Ọzọ, mgbe ezu oru nta akuko na--deployed na a obere ezu ọnọdụ na akụkọ na-elekwasị anya na-a kpọmkwem isiokwu, redundancy ghọrọ kwere omume, nke enwekwu obi ike na data mma. Dị ka ihe atụ, a mmekọahụ ọrụ aha ya bụ "Stella" kparutere ọtụtụ ugboro na magazin nke anọ dị iche iche ndi oru nta akuko (Watkins and Swidler 2009) . Dị ka ọ dị PhotoCity, na ojiji nke redundancy bụ iwu dị mkpa maka adabere na ya kpebie na huu data àgwà na-ekesa data collection oru ngo. Iji nwetakwuo iru gị nsinammuo, Isiokwu 5.3 na-egosi ihe atụ ndị ọzọ nke na-ekesa data collection na-elekọta mmadụ nnyocha.

Isiokwu 5.3: Ihe Nlereanya nke na-ekesa data collection ọrụ na-elekọta mmadụ nnyocha.
data anakọtara tikeeti
Mkparịta ụka banyere HIV / AIDS na Malawi Watkins and Swidler (2009) ; Kaler, Watkins, and Angotti (2015)
Street arịọ na London Purdam (2014)
Esemokwu ihe ndị dị na Eastern Congo Windt and Humphreys (2016)
Economic ọrụ na Nigeria na Liberia Blumenstock, Keleher, and Reisinger (2016)
influenza surveillance Noort et al. (2015)

All nke ihe atụ ndị a kọwara ná nkebi a na-etinye aka n'ọrụ òkè: ndi oru nta akuko transcribed mkparịta ụka na ha nuru; birders uploaded ha birding checklists; ma ọ bụ egwuregwu uploaded ha photos. Ma, ọ bụrụ na òkè bụ akpaka na achọghị ka ihe ọ bụla kpọmkwem nkà ma ọ bụ oge edo? Nke a bụ nkwa awa site "participatory N'ịchọpụta" ma ọ bụ "ndị mmadụ-centric N'ịchọpụta." Dị ka ihe atụ, ndị Pothole patrol, a oru ngo ndị ọkà mmụta sayensị na MIT, ndokwasa GPS onwem accelerometers n'ime asaa taxi cabs na Boston ebe (Eriksson et al. 2008) . N'ihi na akwọ ụgbọala n'elu a pothole doo a iche accelerometer mgbaàmà, ndị a ngwaọrụ, mgbe enịm n'ime akpali akpali tagzi ahụ nọ, nwere ike ịmepụta pothole map nke Boston. N'ezie, tagzi ahụ nọ na-enweghị usoro ịlele okporo ụzọ, ma nye ezu tagzi ahụ nọ, e nwere ike zuru ezu mkpuchi iji nye ihe ọmụma banyere akụkụ dị ukwuu nke na ha obodo. Abamuru nke abụọ dị n'ezinụlọ na sistemụ na-adabere na nkà na ụzụ bụ na ha de-nkà na usoro nke inye onyinye data: mgbe ọ na-achọ nkà na-eme ka eBird (n'ihi na ọ dị gị mkpa inwe ike reliably mata ụdị nnụnụ), ọ na-achọ ọ pụrụ iche nkà na- -eme ka Pothole patrol.

-Aga n'ihu, M chee na ọtụtụ na-ekesa data collection oru ngo ga-amalite ime ka eji ike nke mobile phones na-ama na-ebu site ọtụtụ ijeri mmadụ gburugburu ụwa. Ndị a igwe na-ama nwere a ukwuu nke sensọ mkpa ka mmesho, dị ka microphones, ese foto, GPS ngwaọrụ, na clocks. Ọzọkwa, ndị a mobile phones akwado atọ ọzọ na-ngwa ọdịnala eme nnyocha ụfọdụ achịkwa ahụ kpatara data collection ogbugba ndu. N'ikpeazụ, ndị a igwe nwere Internet-Njikọta, na o kwere ka ha na-anya-Ibu Ibu data na ha na-anakọta. E nwere ọtụtụ ọrụaka nsogbu site etịbe sensọ na mmachi ndụ batrị, ma nsogbu ndị a ga-abụ na ebelata oge dị ka technology amalite. Okwu ndị metụtara nzuzo na ụkpụrụ ọma, n'aka nke ọzọ, nwere ike inwe ihe mgbagwoju anya dị ka technology amalite; M ga-alaghachi ajụjụ nke ụkpụrụ ọma mgbe m na-enye ndụmọdụ banyere emebe gị onwe gị uka mmekota.

Na-ekesa data collection oru ngo, ọrụ afọ ofufo na-eme data banyere ụwa. Nke a na obibia esesịn e ji mee ihe ịga nke ọma, na-eme n'ọdịnihu ga-eme ka ahụ yiri ka ilebara ụfọdụ na data àgwà na-akpata nchegbu. Ọ dabara nke ọma, ẹdude oru ngo dị ka PhotoCity na Pothole patrol-atụ aro ngwọta nye nsogbu ndị a. Dị ka ihe oru ngo-uru nke technology nke na-enyere de-ọkà na n'ezinụlọ òkè, na-ekesa data collection oru ngo kwesịrị n'ike n'ike abawanye na ọnụ ọgụgụ, na-eme nnyocha na-anakọta data na bụ nanị oyi ókè n'oge gara aga.