imisebenzi

  • ubunzima bobunzima: kulula kulula , ephakathi phakathi , nzima nzima , kakhulu kakhulu kakhulu kakhulu
  • idinga izibalo ( idinga izibalo ) U
  • kufuna i coding ( idinga ukuba ikhowudi ) U
  • ukuqokelela idatha ( ukuqokelela idatha ) U
  • zam intandokazi ( endiythanda kakhulu ) U

  1. [U nzima , U idinga izibalo ] Kwisahluko, ndandithanda kakhulu nge-post-stratification. Nangona kunjalo, oku akusoloko kuphucula umgangatho woqikelelo. Yakha imeko apho i-post-stratification inganciphisa umgangatho weengqikelelo. (Ukuze ucebise, jonga Thomsen (1973) .)

  2. [U nzima , U ukuqokelela idatha , U idinga ukuba ikhowudi ] Uyilo kwaye uqhube uphando olungenakunokwenzeka kwi-Amazon Mechanical Turk ukubuza malunga nobunikazi bomnini kunye nezimo zengqondo malunga nokulawula umpu. Ngoko ukuba unokuthelekisa uqikelelo lwakho kulabo abathathwe kwisampula esinokwenzeka, nceda ukukopisha umbuzo wemibuzo kunye neempendulo zokuphendula ngokuthe ngqo kwi-survey ephakamileyo enjengaleyo eqhutywa yiPew Research Center.

    1. Ucwaningo lwakho luya kuthatha ixesha elingakanani? Ingaba ibiza malini? Ulwahlulo lwakho lwesampula luyafana njani noluntu lwabantu base-US?
    2. Yintoni uqikelelo olubalulekileyo lobunikazi bombundu usebenzisa isampuli?
    3. Ukuchaneka kokungabonakali kweesampuli usebenzisa i-post-stratification okanye enye indlela. Ngoku yintoni uqikelelo lobunikazi bomnini?
    4. Uqikelelo lwakho lugqithisa njani uqikelelo olusandul 'ukusukela kwisampula esekelwe? Ucinga ukuba ucacisa ntoni ukungahambelani, ukuba kukho na?
    5. Phinda uphendule imibuzo (b) - (d) yesimo sengqondo malunga nokulawulwa kompu. Iziphumo zakho zihluke njani?

  3. [U kakhulu kakhulu , U ukuqokelela idatha , U idinga ukuba ikhowudi ] I-Goel kunye nabalingane (2016) bephethe imibuzo engama-49 ekukhethwa kwimibuzo evela kwi-General Social Survey (GSS) kwaye ukhethe uphando nge-Pew Research Centre kwi-sampula engenakwenzekayo yabaphenduli abasuka kwi-Amazon Mechanical Turk. Baye bahlengahlengela ukungahambelani kwedatha ngokusebenzisa i-post-stratification esekelwe kumzekelo kunye nokuthelekiswa koqikelelo lwabo olulungisiweyo kunye nalabo basuka kwi-GSS kunye noPew. Ukuqhuba uphando olufanayo kwi-Amazon Mechanical Turk kwaye uzame ukuphindaphinda umfanekiso wesi-2a kunye nomfanekiso wesi-2b ngokuthelekisa uqikelelo olulungelelanisiweyo kunye noqikelelo lwamaxesha atshanje e-GSS noPew. (Jonga i-appendix ithebula ye-A2 kuluhlu lwemibuzo engama-49.)

    1. Thelekisa uze uqhathanise iziphumo zakho kunye nabo basePew kunye ne-GSS.
    2. Ukuthelekisa nokuchasisa iziphumo zakho kunye nalabo abasuka kwi-survey Mechanical Turk Goel, Obeng, and Rothschild (2016) .

  4. [U phakathi , U ukuqokelela idatha , U idinga ukuba ikhowudi ] Izifundo ezininzi zisebenzisa iindlela ezizenzekelayo zokusetyenziswa kwefowuni. Oku kuyimimiselo enomdla apho abaphandi banokuqhathanisa ukuziphatha okubikwayo kunye nokuziphatha okuzenzekelayo (jonga umzekelo, Boase and Ling (2013) ). Iziganeko ezibini eziqhelekileyo zokubuza malunga nokubiza kunye nokuthumela imiyalezo, kwaye ezimbini izihlandlo eziqhelekileyo "ziyizolo" kunye "neveki eledlule."

    1. Ngaphambi kokuba uqokelele nayiphi na idatha, yiyiphi imilinganiselo yokwenza ingxelo ecinga ukuba ichanekile ngakumbi? Ngoba?
    2. Ukufumana abahlobo bakho abahlanu ukuba babe kwi-survey yakho. Kucelwa nifutshane ngokufutshane ukuba ngaba abahlobo abahlanu bathatyathwa njani. Ingaba le nkqubo yokwenza isampulu ingabangela ukuba kubekho iinqununu ezithile kwiingqikelelo zakho?
    3. Buza le mibuzo ilandelayo microsurvey:
    • "Zingaphi izihlandlo owasebenzisa ifowuni yakho yeselula ukubiza abanye izolo?"
    • "Zingaphi imiyalezo ebhaliweyo oyithumele izolo?"
    • "Zingaphi izihlandlo owasebenzisa ifowuni yakho yeselula ukubiza abanye kwiintsuku ezisixhenxe zokugqibela?"
    • "Zingaphi izihlandlo owasebenzisa ifoni yakho yeselula ukuthumela okanye ukufumana imilayezo / i-SMS kwiintsuku ezisixhenxe zokugqibela?"
    1. Emva kokuba le microsurvey igqityiwe, cela ukuba uhlole idatha yabo yokusetyenziswa njengengenwe kwifowuni okanye kumnikezeli wesevisi. Ukusetyenziswa kweengxelo ngokuzithelekisa ukulandelelana kwedatha? Yiyiphi echanekileyo, encinci echanileyo?
    2. Ngoku udibanise idatha oqokelele kunye nedatha evela kwabanye abantu kwiklasi lakho (ukuba wenza lo msebenzi eklasini). Ngalo datha enkulu, phinda inxenye (d).

  5. [U phakathi , U ukuqokelela idatha ] I-Schuman ne-Presser (1996) ithi loo myalelo wemibuzo iya kubaluleka kwiintlobo ezimbini zemibuzo: imibuzo eyingxenye-nxalenye apho imibuzo emibini iphezulu kwinqanaba elithile (umz., Ukulinganiselwa kwabaviwa ababini); kunye nemibuzo-yonke imibuzo apho umbuzo jikelele ulandela umbuzo othile (umzekelo, ukubuza ukuba "Uneliseke kangakanani ngomsebenzi wakho?" landelwa "Uneliseke kangakanani na ubomi bakho?").

    Baqhubeka bebonisa iintlobo ezimbini zeempembelelo zomyalelo wombuzo: iziphumo ezihambelanayo zenzeke xa iimpendulo kumbuzo kamva ziziswa ngokusondeleyo (kunokuba zingaphinde zibe khona) kwabo banikwe umbuzo ongaphambili; Imiphumo eyahlukileyo iya kwenzeka xa kukho ukungafani okukhulu phakathi kweempendulo ezimbini.

    1. Yakha ibini yeengxenye zengxenye-nxalenye ocinga ukuba iya kuba nomthelela omkhulu womyalelo womyalelo; ibini yenxenye-yonke imibuzo ocinga ukuba iya kuba nefuthe elikhulu lomyalelo; kunye neembini zemibuzo ocinga ukuba umyalelo ongenanto. Yenza uphando kwi-Amazon Mechanical Turk ukuvavanya imibuzo yakho.
    2. Inkulu kangakanani inxalenye yempembelelo eyinxalenye owawukwazi ukuyilungisa? Ngaba yayisiphumo sokungafani okanye ukungafani?
    3. Yayinkulu kangakanani umphumo-wonke owakwazi ukuyidala? Ngaba yayisiphumo sokungafani okanye ukungafani?
    4. Ngaba bekukho umphumo we-oda lomyalelo kwiqela lakho apho ungazange ucinge ukuba umyalelo uya kubaluleka?

  6. [U phakathi , U ukuqokelela idatha ] Ukwakha umsebenzi we-Schuman no-Presser, Moore (2002) uchaza umlinganiselo ohlukeneyo wempembelelo yomyalelo womyalelo: iziphumo ezongezelelweyo kunye nokukhupha. Nangona ukuchasana kunye nemiphumo ehambisanayo kuveliswa ngenxa yokuvavanywa kwabaphenduli bezinto ezimbini ngokubhekelana nomnye nomnye, iimpembelelo ezongeziweyo kunye nezikhuphayo ziveliswa xa abaphenduli benziwa ngakumbi ngakumbi kwisikhokelo esikhulu apho imibuzo ifunwa khona. Funda Moore (2002) , ngoko uyilo kwaye usebenze uphando olwenzayo kwi-MTurk ukubonisa iziphumo ezongezelelweyo okanye ezikhuphayo.

  7. [U nzima , U ukuqokelela idatha ] UChristopher Antoun kunye noogxa (2015) baqhube isifundo ngokuthelekisa iisampula ezilula ezifunyenwe kwimithombo emine yokuqhafaza kwi-intanethi: I-MTurk, i-Craigslist, i-Google AdWords ne-Facebook. Yenza uphando olulula kwaye uthabathe abathathi-nxaxheba ngokusebenzisa ubuncinane imithombo emibini yokuqhathanisa inthanethi (le Antoun et al. (2015) kwimithombo emine esetyenziswa kwi- Antoun et al. (2015) ).

    1. Thelekisa iindleko ngokubambisa-ngokwemali kunye nexesha-phakathi kwemithombo eyahlukeneyo.
    2. Thelekisa ukubunjwa kweesampuli ezifunyenwe kwimithombo eyahlukileyo.
    3. Thelekisa umgangatho wedatha phakathi kweesampuli. Ngengcamango malunga nendlela yokulinganisa umgangatho wwedatha kubaphenduli, bona Schober et al. (2015) .
    4. Yintoni umthombo oyikhethayo? Ngoba?

  8. [U phakathi ] Ukuzama ukuxela iziphumo ze-2016 ye-EU Referendum (okt, i-Brexit), i-YouGov-i-Intanethi-based based research survey-eqhutywe ngeefowuni ze-intanethi yeqela elimalunga nama-800,000 abaphenduliweyo e-United Kingdom.

    Inkcazo ecacileyo yemodeli ye-YouGov inokufumaneka kwi-https: //yougov.co.uk/news/2016/06/21/yougov-referendum-model/. Ukuthetha ngokuthe ngqo, u-YouGov wahlukanisa abavoti kwiintlobo ezisusela kwi-voting jikelele yokukhetha ukhetho, iminyaka yobudala, iziqinisekiso, ubulili, kunye nomhla wokudliwano-ndlebe, kwakunye neendawo abahlala kuyo. Okokuqala, basebenzise idatha eqokelelwe kwi-YouGov panelist ukuqikelela, phakathi kwabo bavotayo, inani labantu abalingene nombolo nganye yokuvota ababezimisele ukuvota. Baqikelela ukuba ukutshintshwa kohlobo ngalunye lwabavoti ngokusebenzisa iSifundo seBhunga laseBrithani sika-2015 (BES), uphenonongo olujongene nolonyulo lwangaphambili, oluye lwaluqinisekisa ukuphuma kwinqanaba lokhetho. Ekugqibeleni, baqikelela ukuba bangaphi abantu ababekho kulo hlobo ngalunye lwabavoti kwi-electorate, ngokusekelwe kwiNgcaciso yabemiLuntu noNyaka (kunye nolwazi olongezelelweyo oluvela eminye imithombo yolwazi).

    Kwiintsuku ezintathu ngaphambi kwevoti, u-YouGov ubonise iikhokelo ezimbini zekhefu. Ngomhla wokuvota, i-poll ibonise ukuba umphumo wawusondele kakhulu ukubiza (49/51 Hlalani). Uhlolo lokugqibela ngomhla we-day luqikelele u-48/52 ukulungiselela ukuhlala (https://yougov.co.uk/news/2016/06/23/yougov-day-poll/). Enyanisweni, eli qi kelelo laphuka umphumo wokugqibela (i-52/48 yekhefu) ngamaphuzu amane eepesenti.

    1. Sebenzisa isakhelo sesiphumo sophando jikelele esicatshulwe kule sahluko ukuvavanya oko kuyenzeka.
    2. Impendulo ye-YouGov emva kokhetho (https://yougov.co.uk/news/2016/06/24/brexit-follows-close-run-campaign/) ichaza: "Oku kubonakala kunxalenye enkulu ngenxa yokujika-into esiye sathetha yonke imihla kuya kubaluleka kwisiphumo sohlobo olulinganisiweyo. Imodeli yethu yokuphumla isekelwe, ngokukodwa, ukuba ngaba ngabaphenduli bevotele ukhetho lonyulo lokugqibela kwaye inqanaba lokuphumla ngaphaya kwelo lonyulo oluqhelekileyo lukhupha umzekelo, ikakhulukazi kuMntla. "Ngaba oku kutshintsha impendulo yakho kwingxenye (a)?

  9. [U phakathi , U idinga ukuba ikhowudi ] Bhala umzekelo ukubonisa umzekelo ngamnye weefayile zokumela kumfanekiso 3.2.

    1. Yenza imeko apho ezi mpazamo zichithwa.
    2. Yenza imeko apho iziphoso zihlanganiswa.

  10. [U kakhulu kakhulu , U idinga ukuba ikhowudi ] Uphando lwe-Blumenstock kunye noogxa (2015) lubandakanyeka ukwakha imodeli yokufunda imashishini engasebenzisa idatha yedijithali yokucwangcisa ukuphendula kwangaphambili iimpendulo zophando. Ngoku, uzakuzama into efanayo kunye nedatha yeenkcukacha ezahlukeneyo. Kosinski, Stillwell, and Graepel (2013) yabona ukuba ukuthandwa kwe-Facebook kunokukwazi ukuchaza ubungqina kunye neempawu. Okumangalisa kukuba, ezi zibikezelo zinokuba zichaneke ngakumbi kunezohlobo nabahlobo (Youyou, Kosinski, and Stillwell 2015) .

    1. Funda Kosinski, Stillwell, and Graepel (2013) , kwaye uphinde uphinde uphendule 2. Kosinski, Stillwell, and Graepel (2013) yabo iyatholakala kwi-http: //mypersonality.org/
    2. Ngoku, phendule umfanekiso wesi-3.
    3. Ekugqibeleni, zama umzekelo kwi-Facebook idatha yakho: http://applymagicsauce.com/. Kusebenza kakuhle ngani?

  11. [U phakathi ] Toole et al. (2015) basebenzisa iirekhodi zengcaciso yeefowuni (CDRs) kwiifowuni eziphathekayo ukuxela ukungahambi kwemisebenzi.

    1. Thelekisa uqhathanise uphando lwe- Toole et al. (2015) kunye Blumenstock, Cadamuro, and On (2015) .
    2. Ngaba ucinga ukuba i-CDR kufuneka ithathe indawo yocwaningo lwendabuko, iyancedise okanye ingasetyenziswanga nonke kubarhulumente benkqubo yokulandelelana kwengqesho? Ngoba?
    3. Yiyiphi ubungqina obuya kukuqinisekisa ukuba ii-CDR ziyakwazi ukubeka ngokuthe ngqo imilinganiselo yendabuko yezinga lokungasebenzi?

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