6.6.3 Privacy
Privacy waa xaq u leedahay inaad socodka ku haboon macluumaadka.
Goobta A saddexaad halkaas oo cilmi laga yaabaa in halgan waa gaarka ah. Sida Lowrance (2012) waa arrin kooban saaray, ". Gaarka ah waa in la ixtiraamo, maxaa yeelay, dadka waa in la ixtiraamo" Privacy, si kastaba ha ahaatee, sida aadka waa fikrad kharriban (Nissenbaum 2010, Ch. 4) , iyo sida oo kale, way adag tahay in la isticmaalo marka la isku dayayo inaad gaadhid go'aamo gaar ah oo ku saabsan cilmi-baarista.
Hab caadi ah in aad ka fikirto gaarka ah waa la a Laba boglaynta guud / gaar ah. By sidaas fikiro, haddii macluumaadka waa dadweynaha u furan, ka dibna waxa loo isticmaali karaa cilmi la'aan walaac ku saabsan ku xad gaarka ah ee dadka. Laakiin habkan ordi karaan dhibaatooyin. Tusaale ahaan, bishii November 2007 Costas Panagopoulos qof kasta oo saddex magaalo diray warqad ku saabsan soo socda ee ah in doorashada. In labada Magaalo-Monticello, Iowa iyo Holland, Michigan-Panagopoulos yaboohay / hanjabay in ay daabacaan liiska dadka kuwaas oo u codeeyay wargeyska. In kale magaalada-Ely, Iowa-Panagopoulos yaboohay / hanjabay in ay daabacaan liiska dadka oo aan u codeeyay wargeyska. Daaweynta waxaa loogu tala galey in ay u abaari kibirka iyo ceeb (Panagopoulos 2010) , sababtoo ah, kuwaas oo la ogaaday in ay saamayn ayey doorasho ee waxbarashada hore (Gerber, Green, and Larimer 2008) . Warbixin ku saabsan kuwaas oo cod iyo qofka aan waa dadweynaha ee Mareykanka; qof waxaa ka heli kartaa. Sidaas, hal doodi karaa in sababta oo ah macluumaadka cod tani waa horeba dadweynaha, waxaa jira dhibaato ah ma leh cilmi u soo bandhiga wargeyska. Dhinaca kale, wax xuja ah in uu dareensan yahay in qalad dad badan.
Tusaale ahaan this muujinayaa, boglaynta dadweynaha / gaarka ah waa mid aad u af beesho (boyd and Crawford 2012; Markham and Buchanan 2012) . Hab wanaagsan in aad ka fikirto gaarka ah, mid ka mid ah gaar ahaan loogu talagalay in ay la tacaalaan arrimaha la kiciyey by da'da digital, waa fikradda ah daacadnimada xaaladeed (Nissenbaum 2010) . Halkii fiirsaneysa macluumaadka dadweynaha ama kuwa gaarka ah, sharafta macnaha ay diiradda saartaa socodka macluumaadka. Tusaale ahaan, dad badan u noqon lahaa unbothered haddii ay dhakhtar la wadaago diiwaanka caafimaadka dhakhtar kale laakiin uu noqon lahaa ku faraxsaneyn haddii ay dhakhtar iibin macluumaad isku mid ah si ay shirkadda suuq ah. Sidaas darteed, sida ay Nissenbaum (2010) , "xaq u leedahay inaad u gaarka ah ma xaq u leedahay inaad sirta ama xaq u leedahay in la xakameeyo laakiin xaq u leedahay inaad socodka ku haboon macluumaadka shakhsiga ah."
Fikradda muhiimka ah oo salka ku daacadnimada xaaladeed waa caadooyinka macluumaad macno-qaraabo (Nissenbaum 2010) . Kuwani waa caadooyinka taasoo ay qulqulka macluumaadka ku jira saldhigyo gaar ah, oo ay go'aamiyeen saddex xuduudaheedu:
- jilayaasha (maado, diraha, qaataha)
- sifooyinka (nooc ka mid ah macluumaadka)
- mabaadi'da gudbinta (caqabadaha ka yar oo macluumaad la barwaaqaysan)
Sidaas darteed, marka aad cilmibaare u yihiin go'aan qaadashada in la isticmaalo xogta aan ogolaansho waa waxtar leh si aad u weydiiso, "Ma isticmaalka this xadgudba xeerarka macluumaad macno-qaraabo?" Laabashada ay dhacdo Panagopoulos (2010) , kiiskan, isagoo ka baxsan ah cilmibaadhe daabacaan liiska codbixiyayaasha ama non-cod wargeyska u muuqda inuu xadgudba xeerarka macluumaad. Dhab ahaantii, Panagopoulos ma raaco on yabooha / halis sababtoo ah saraakiisha doorashada ogan xarfaha isaga iyo isaga, in aanay ahayn fikrad fiican aaminsiiyey (Issenberg 2012, 307) .
In goobaha kale, si kastaba ha ahaatee, fekerayo caadooyinka macluumaad macno-qaraabo u baahan tixgelin waxoogaa dheeraad ah a. Tusaale ahaan, bal aynu si macquul ah ee la isticmaalayo Guda phone call mobile si ay ula socdaan dhaqdhaqaaqa lagu jiro dillaacay Ebola ee West Africa ee 2014, kiis ah in aan ka wada hadalnay in hordhaca cutubka ugu celinnaa (Wesolowski et al. 2014) . In goob this, waxaan qiyaasi kartaa laba xaalado kala duwan:
- Xaaladda 1: diraya xogta log call dhamaystiran [sifooyinkii]; in dowladaha iyo shacabka Soomaaliyeed dhamaystirnayn [jilayaasha]; mustaqbalka kasta oo suurtagal ah u isticmaalaan [mabaadii'da gudbinta]
- Xaaladda 2: diraya diiwaanka qayb qarsoodiya [sifooyinkii]; baadhayaashu jaamacadda ixtiraamo [jilayaasha]; si loogu isticmaalo jawaabayo cudurka Ebola oo ku xiran kormeerka ee jaamacadda loox anshaxa [mabaadii'da gudbinta]
Inkastoo labada ah xaaladahan soo wac xogta yihiin dal ka mid ah shirkadda, ee xeerarka macluumaadka ku saabsan labadan xaalado Isku mid ma aha, sababtoo ah kala duwanaansho u dhexeeya jilayaasha ah, sifooyinkii, iyo mabaadii'da gudbinta lug. Sifada loo on kaliya mid ka mid ah xuduudaha, kuwaas oo keeni kara in ay aad u sahlay go'aan-qaadasho. Dhab ahaantii, Nissenbaum (2015) ku nuuxnuuxsaday, in mid ka mid ahaa, kuwaas oo saddex-beegyada uu la dhimi karaa in ay dadka kale, ama mid kasta oo iyaga ka mid ah si gaar ah u qeexi karaan caadooyinka macluumaad. Tani dabiiciga ah saddex dhinac-cabbir ah caadooyinka macluumaad sharxayaa sababta dadaalka-in diiradda lagu saaray ka mid ah sifooyinka ama gudbinta la soo dhaafay mabaadi'da-ayaa waxtar at qabsaday fikradaha caadi-dareen ee gaarka ah.
Mid ka mid ah tartan la isticmaalayo fikradda ah xeerarka macluumaad macno-qaraabo inay hagto go'aanada waa in cilmi ma ay iyaga ogaadaan ka hor waqtiga oo waxay aad u adag si loo cabbiro waa (Acquisti, Brandimarte, and Loewenstein 2015) . Dheeraad ah, xataa haddii qaar ka mid ah cilmi-jabiso caadooyinka macluumaad xaaladeed-qof qaraabo ah oo aan si toos ah macnaheedu ma in cilmi-baarista waa in aysan dhicin. Dhab ahaantii, Cutubka 8aad of Nissenbaum (2010) oo gebi ahaanba ku saabsan yahay "Xeerarka Jebinta for Good." Inkastoo dhibaatooyin kuwan, caadooyinka macluumaad macno-qaraabo weli waa hab aad u faa'iido badan si ay u fikiraan oo ku saabsan su'aalaha la xiriira gaarka ah.
Ugu dambeyntii, gaarka ah waa meel ay Waxaan arkay is faham badan oo u dhexeeya cilmi kuwa mudnaanta Ixtiraamka Dadka iyo kuwa mudnaanta Raxmaan. Bal qiyaas ay dhacdo cilmibaadhe dadweynaha caafimaad oo qarsoodi daawanaya dadka qaadanaya tiixo, maxaa yeelay, fahamka nadaafadda fure u tahay ka hortagga faafidda cudurka a sheeko faafa. Cilmi diiradda Raxmaan diiradda saari doono faa'iidooyinka bulshada ka cilmi iyo xataa doodi laga yaabaa in aysan jirin dhibaato ka qaybgalayaasha haddii cilmi sameeyaa iyada basaasnimo aan la ogaado. Dhinaca kale, cilmi-kii mudnaanta Ixtiraamka Dadka diiradda saari doono xaqiiqda ah in cilmi aan la dhaqmo dadka si ixtiraam leh oo waa in xaqiiqda yeela waxyeelo by xad ay gaarka ah. Nasiib darro, ma fududa in la xaliyo aragtida khilaafsan xaaladda this (inkastoo xalka ugu wanaagsan kiiskan oo keliya waxaa laga yaabaa in aad weydiisato ogolaansho).
Gebogebadii, marka hadlaya oo ku saabsan arimaha gaarka ah, waxa fiican inaad u guurto ka baxsan boglaynta ka dhigin mid sahlay guud / gaar ah iyo si aan halkii ku saabsan caadooyinka macno-qaraabo macluumaad, kuwaas oo la dhigay ilaa saddex walxaad: jilayaasha (maado, diraha, qaataha), sifooyinkii (nooc ka mid ah macluumaadka), iyo mabaadii'da gudbinta (caqabadaha ka yar oo macluumaad la barwaaqaysan) (Nissenbaum 2010) . Qaar ka mid ah cilmi-qiimeeyo gaarka ah marka la eego dhibaato keeni kartaa in ka xadgudub ku ah asturnaanta, halka cilmi kale u arkaan xadgudub ku ah asturnaanta sida dhibaato ah oo dhami. Maxaa yeelay, fikradaha gaarka ah ee nidaamka badan digital waxaa beddelo muddo, way kala duwan yihiin min qof ilaa qof, oo kala duwan xaaladda xaaladda (Acquisti, Brandimarte, and Loewenstein 2015) , gaarka ah waa laga yaabaa inay saldhig u ah go'aanada anshaxa adag tahay cilmi qaar ka mid ah waqti.
