Ayyukan

  • mataki na wahala: sauki sauƙi , matsakaici matsakaici , wuya wuya , mai wuya sosai wuya
  • yana buƙatar matsa ( yana buƙatar matsa )
  • yana buƙatar coding ( yana buƙatar coding )
  • tattara bayanai ( tattara bayanai )
  • my favorites ( na fi so )
  1. [ matsakaici , tattara bayanai ] Berinsky da abokan aiki (2012) gwada MTurk a wani ɓangare ta hanyar yin amfani da gwaje-gwajen gwaje-gwaje guda uku. Yi amfani da gwajin gwaji na Asiya ta Tversky and Kahneman (1981) . Shin sakamakonku ya dace da Tversky da Kahneman? Shin sakamakonku ya dace da waɗannan Berinsky da abokan aiki? Abin da-idan wani abu-wannan yana koya mana game da amfani da MTurk don nazarin binciken?

  2. [ matsakaici , na fi so ] A wani takarda mai launin rubutu mai suna "Dole mu Rushe," masanin ilimin zamantakewar al'umma Robert Cialdini, daya daga cikin mawallafin Schultz et al. (2007) , ya rubuta cewa yana da jinkiri daga aikinsa a matsayin farfesa, a wani bangare saboda matsalolin da ya fuskanta wajen yin gwaje-gwajen gwaje-gwaje a cikin horarwa (ilimin kimiyya) wanda yafi gudanar da gwaje-gwajen gwaji (Cialdini 2009) . Karanta takarda Cialdini, ka rubuta masa imel na roƙe shi ya sake yin la'akari da yiwuwar gwaje-gwaje na dijital. Yi amfani da wasu misalai na bincike da ke magance damuwa.

  3. [ matsakaici ] Don ƙayyade ko ƙananan ƙananan matakan da aka kulle a cikin su ko ƙaura, van de Rijt da abokan aiki (2014) shiga cikin tsarin daban-daban guda huɗu da suka ba da nasara a kan mahalarta da aka zaɓa, sa'an nan kuma auna matsayi na tsawon lokaci na wannan nasara marar nasara. Kuna iya tunanin wasu tsarin da za ku iya gudanar da gwaje-gwajen irin wannan? Nemi waɗannan tsarin game da al'amurran da suka shafi kimiyya, algorithmic rikice (duba babi na 2), da kuma xa'a.

  4. [ matsakaici , tattara bayanai ] Sakamakon gwaji na iya dogara da mahalarta. Ƙirƙiri wani gwajin sannan kuma ku yi amfani da ita a kan MTurk ta amfani da hanyoyi daban-daban daban daban. Yi kokarin gwada gwaje-gwaje da kuma samfurori don yakamata sakamakon zai zama daban-daban . Alal misali, ƙwarewar ku na iya ɗaukar masu halartar taron da safe da maraice ko don rama wa mahalarta da biyan kuɗi mai girma. Irin wadannan bambance-bambance a cikin tsarin yada ladabi zai iya haifar da bambance-bambance daban-daban na mahalarta da sakamakon gwaji daban-daban. Yaya bambancin da sakamakonku suka fito? Mene ne wannan ya nuna game da gwaje-gwaje na gudana a kan MTurk?

  5. [ sosai wuya , yana buƙatar matsa , yana buƙatar coding ] Ka yi tunanin cewa kuna shirin gwajin Contagion na Muryar (Kramer, Guillory, and Hancock 2014) . Yi amfani da sakamakon daga binciken da aka yi a baya na Kramer (2012) don yanke shawarar yawan mahalarta a kowane yanayin. Wadannan nau'o'i biyu ba su dace ba daidai ba tare da tabbacin rubuta jerin zaton da kuke yi ba a hankali:

    1. Gudun kwaikwayo wanda zai yanke shawarar yawancin mahalarta zasu buƙaci don gano sakamako mai girma kamar yadda tasirin Kramer (2012) tare da \(\alpha = 0.05\) da \(1 - \beta = 0.8\) .
    2. Shin wannan lissafin nazari.
    3. Ya ba da sakamakon daga Kramer (2012) kasance Contagion na Motsa jiki (Kramer, Guillory, and Hancock 2014) wanda aka yi amfani da shi (watau, yana da mahalarta fiye da yadda ake bukata)?
    4. Daga tsammanin da kuka yi, wacce take da babbar tasiri a kan lissafinku?
  6. [ sosai wuya , yana buƙatar matsa , yana buƙatar coding ] Amsa tambaya ta gaba, amma wannan lokaci maimakon yin amfani da binciken da aka yi a Kramer (2012) , yi amfani da sakamakon daga nazarin al'ada na Lorenzo Coviello et al. (2014) .

  7. [ sauƙi ] Dukansu Margetts et al. (2011) da kuma van de Rijt et al. (2014) sunyi gwaje-gwajen nazarin tsarin mutanen da ke sanya takarda kai. Yi kwatanta da kuma bambanta kayayyaki da bincike na waɗannan binciken.

  8. [ sauƙi ] Dwyer, Maki, and Rothman (2015) gudanar da gwaje-gwaje biyu na gwaje-gwajen akan dangantakar dake tsakanin al'amuran zamantakewar al'umma da halayyar muhalli. Ga abubuwar takardun su:

    "Yaya za a iya amfani da kimiyya ta ruhaniya don karfafa halayen dan adam? A cikin nazarin biyu, ayyukan da ake amfani da ita wajen inganta yanayin tanadin makamashi a gidajen wanan jama'a ya binciki tasirin ka'idodin ka'idoji da kuma alhakin mutum. A Nazari na 1, an daidaita yanayin haske (watau, a kunne ko a kashe) kafin mutum ya shiga gidan wanka a cikin gida ba tare da kula da shi ba, yana nuna alamar misali don wannan wuri. Masu shiga sun fi dacewa su kunna fitilun idan sun kasance a lokacin da suka shiga. A cikin Nazari na 2, an haɗa wani ƙarin yanayin wanda ya kasance da ka'ida na kashe haske ya kasance ta hanyar rikici, amma mahalarta ba su da alhakin juya shi. Hakki na kanka ya jagoranci tasirin al'amuran zamantakewa akan hali; yayin da mahalarta ba su da alhakin juyawa hasken, an rinjayi tasiri na al'ada. Wadannan sakamakon suna nuna yadda ka'idodin bayanai da alhaki na sirri zai iya tsara tasiri na ayyukan haɗin gwiwar. "

    Karanta takardun su kuma tsara zanen binciken 1.

  9. [ matsakaici , tattara bayanai ] Gina a kan tambaya ta baya, yanzu gudanar da zane naka.

    1. Ta yaya sakamakon ya kwatanta?
    2. Menene zai iya bayyana waɗannan bambance-bambance?
  10. [ matsakaici ] Akwai jayayya na gwaji game da gwaje-gwaje ta amfani da masu halartar da aka tattara daga MTurk. A cikin layi ɗaya, an yi ta muhawara mai yawa game da gwaje-gwaje ta yin amfani da masu halartar da aka karɓa daga ɗaliban dalibai. Rubuta shafi na shafuka guda biyu kwatanta da kuma bambanta masu Turkers da masu digiri a matsayin masu bincike. Samun ku ya kamata ya hada da tattaunawa game da al'amurran kimiyya da kuma abubuwan da suka dace.

  11. [ sauƙi ] Jim Manzi littafin Uncontrolled (2012) wata gabatarwa ne mai ban mamaki ga ikon gwaji a cikin kasuwanci. A cikin littafin ya sake ba da labari na gaba:

    "Na kasance sau ɗaya a wani taro tare da wani masanin harkokin kasuwanci na gaskiya, wani biliyan mai bashin kanta da yake da zurfin tunani, wanda yake da zurfin tunani game da ikon gwaje-gwaje. Kamfaninsa ya kashe manyan albarkatun da suke ƙoƙarin ƙirƙirar manyan shafuka masu nuni da za su jawo hankalin masu amfani da kuma kara yawan tallace-tallace, kamar yadda al'amuran da suka dace suka ce sun kamata. Masana sunyi jarrabawar zane bayan zane, kuma a cikin gwajin gwajin gwajin gwaji a tsawon shekarun da suka cigaba da nuna babu wani tasiri mai mahimmanci na kowanne sabon nuni a kan tallace-tallace. Babban jami'in kasuwanci da masu cinikin kasuwa sun sadu da Shugaba don sake nazarin wadannan binciken gwajin a cikin jini. Bayan sun gabatar da dukkanin bayanan gwajin, sun yanke shawarar cewa hikimar da ba ta da kyau ba daidai ba ne-cewa wannan taga ba ta fitar da tallace-tallace ba. Ayyukan da aka ba su shine don rage yawan farashi da ƙoƙari a cikin wannan yanki. Wannan ya nuna zurfin ƙarfin gwaji don juya fasaha na al'ada. Amsar Shugaba ya kasance mai sauƙi: 'Maƙasudina ita ce, masu zanenku ba su da kyau.' Maganarsa ita ce ta ƙara ƙwarewa wajen tsara tsarin nuni, kuma don samun sababbin mutane suyi hakan. " (Manzi 2012, 158–9)

    Wani nau'i na inganci shine damuwa na Shugaba?

  12. [ sauƙi ] Gina kan tambaya ta baya, yi tunanin cewa kun kasance a taron inda aka tattauna sakamakon binciken. Mene ne tambayoyi guda hudu da za ku iya tambaya-daya ga kowane nau'i na inganci (ƙididdiga, gini, ciki, da waje)?

  13. [ sauƙi ] Bernedo, Ferraro, and Price (2014) sunyi nazarin shekaru bakwai na aikin ceto na ruwa wanda aka bayyana a Ferraro, Miranda, and Price (2011) (duba siffa 4.11). A cikin wannan takarda, Bernedo da abokan aiki sun nemi fahimtar tsarin da ke tattare da sakamako ta hanyar kwatanta halin da iyalin da suke da kuma ba su motsawa ba bayan an fitar da shi. Wato, sunyi ƙoƙarin ganin ko magani ya shafi gidan ko mai gida.

    1. Karanta takarda, kwatanta siffarsu, da kuma taƙaita abubuwan da suka gano.
    2. Yayinda tasirin su ya shafi yadda za ku tantance kimar cinikin irin wannan aikin? Idan haka ne, me yasa? Idan ba, me yasa ba?
  14. [ sauƙi ] A cikin biyan zuwa Schultz et al. (2007) , Schultz da abokan aiki sunyi jerin gwaje-gwaje guda uku game da sakamakon fasalin bayanai da ka'idoji akan yanayin muhalli daban-daban (towel sake amfani da shi) a cikin layi biyu (wani otel din da dakin (Schultz, Khazian, and Zaleski 2008) ) (Schultz, Khazian, and Zaleski 2008) .

    1. Ka taƙaita zane da kuma binciken wadannan gwaje-gwaje guda uku.
    2. Ta yaya, idan ko kaɗan, suna canza fassararka na Schultz et al. (2007) ?
  15. [ sauƙi ] A cikin martani ga Schultz et al. (2007) , Canfield, Bruin, and Wong-Parodi (2016) gudanar da jerin gwaje-gwaje masu kama da juna don nazarin zane na takardar lantarki. A nan ne yadda suka bayyana shi a cikin m:

    "A cikin gwaje-gwaje na binciken, kowane ɗan takara ya ga lissafin wutar lantarki na iyali don amfani da wutar lantarki mai mahimmanci, tare da bayani game da (a) amfani da tarihin, (b) kwatanta da makwabta, da kuma (c) amfani da tarihin tare da ƙarancin ƙaran. Mahalarta sun ga dukkanin bayanai a cikin guda uku da suka hada da (a) Tables, (b) shafukan shafuka, da (c) alamomi. Muna bayar da rahoto game da manyan binciken uku. Na farko, masu amfani sun fahimci kowane irin bayanin amfani da wutar lantarki mafi yawan lokacin da aka gabatar da shi a tebur, watakila saboda Tables sukan sauƙaƙe sauƙin karatu. Abu na biyu, da fifiko da kuma niyya don adana wutar lantarki sun fi karfi don yin amfani da bayanan da ake amfani da su na tarihin, ba tare da tsarin ba. Na uku, mutane da ke rage karatun basira sun fahimci dukkanin bayanai. "

    Sabanin sauran nazarin karatun, babban sakamako na sha'awa a Canfield, Bruin, and Wong-Parodi (2016) ana nuna hali, ba ainihin hali ba. Mene ne karfi da raunin wannan nau'i na binciken a cikin shirin bincike mai zurfi na inganta bunkasa makamashi?

  16. [ matsakaici , na fi so ] Smith and Pell (2003) gabatar da zane-zane na nazarin binciken da ke nuna tasirin parachutes. Suka kammala:

    "Kamar yadda aka yi amfani da ayyukan da yawa don hana lafiyar lafiyar, rashin tasiri na ɓangaren ƙaura ba a ƙware su ba ta hanyar yin amfani da gwajin gwagwarmaya. Masu ba da shawara na maganin maganganun shaida sun soki tallafin ayyukan da aka kimantawa ta hanyar yin amfani da bayanan lura kawai. Muna tsammanin kowa zai iya amfanar idan an yi amfani da maganin maganin maganin maganin maganin likitocin da suka fi dacewa da su, kuma sun shiga cikin makwanni guda biyu, bazuwar wuri, wuri mai sarrafawa, fitinar rikici na parachute. "

    Rubuta wani takarda mai dacewa da jarida mai ladabi, kamar New York Times , yana jayayya da tayarwar hujja na gwaji. Samar da takamaimai, misalai misalai. Shawarwari: Dubi Deaton (2010) da Bothwell et al. (2016) .

  17. [ matsakaici , yana buƙatar coding , na fi so ] Mahimman bambancin bambance-bambance na sakamako na jiyya zai iya zama mafi mahimmanci fiye da mahimmanci-ma'ana. Rubuta memo zuwa ga injiniya mai kula da gwajin A / B a kamfanonin kafofin watsa labarun farawa da ke bayyana darajar bambancin bambancin-bambance-bambance don tafiyar da gwaji na kan layi. Bayanan ya kamata ya haɗa da sanarwa game da matsalar, wasu ƙwarewa game da yanayin da wanda aka kiyasta bambancin-bambanci zai bayyana fassarar bambanci-in-mean, da kuma nazarin kwaikwayo mai sauki.

  18. [ sauƙi , na fi so ] Gary Loveman farfesa ne a Harvard Business School kafin ya zama Shugaba na Harrah, ɗaya daga cikin manyan kamfanonin caca a duniya. Lokacin da ya koma Harrah, Loveman ya canza kamfani tare da tsari mai kama da juna kamar yadda ya tattara manyan bayanai game da halayyar abokin ciniki. A saman wannan tsarin na yau da kullum, kamfanin ya fara gudanar da gwaje-gwaje. Alal misali, za su iya gudanar da gwaji don kimanta sakamako na coupon don dakin dare na kyauta don abokan ciniki tare da takamaiman caca. Ga yadda Loveman ya bayyana muhimmancin gwaji ga ayyukan kasuwanci ta yau da kullum na Harrah:

    "Yana da kamar ba kullun mata ba, ba zaku yi sata ba, kuma dole ne ku sami rukuni. Wannan shi ne daya daga cikin abubuwan da za ku iya rasa aikinku a Harrah-ba a ci gaba da gudanar da rukuni ba. " (Manzi 2012, 146)

    Rubuta imel zuwa wani sabon ma'aikaci yana bayanin dalilin da yasa Loveman yayi tsammanin yana da mahimmanci a sami rukunin kulawa. Ya kamata kayi ƙoƙari ya haɗa da misali-ko dai hakikanin ko haɓaka-don kwatanta batunka.

  19. [ wuya , yana buƙatar matsa ] Sabuwar gwaji na nufin ƙaddamar da sakamakon karɓar saƙonni na tuni akan maganin rigakafi. Kwayoyi ɗari da hamsin, kowanne da 600 marasa lafiya, suna son shiga. Akwai kuɗin kuɗi na $ 100 ga kowane asibitin da kuke so kuyi aiki tare da shi, kuma yana buƙatar $ 1 don kowane saƙon rubutu da kake son aika. Bugu da ari, duk wani asibitin da kake aiki tare za su auna sakamakon (ko wani ya sami alurar riga kafi) don kyauta. Yi la'akari da cewa kuna da kasafin kuɗi na $ 1,000.

    1. A wace hanyoyi ne zai zama mafi alhẽri ga mayar da hankali ga albarkatu akan ƙananan magungunan ƙwayoyi kuma a wace irin yanayi zai iya zama mafi alhẽri don yada su a yadu?
    2. Wadanne abubuwa zasu ƙayyade ƙananan ƙarfin ƙarfin da za ku iya dogara da ƙididdigarku?
    3. Rubuta memo na bayyana waɗannan tallace-tallace zuwa mai juyayi.
  20. [ wuya , yana buƙatar matsa ] Babban matsala tare da darussan kan layi shine attrition: yawancin daliban da suka fara tarurruka sun ƙare. Ka yi tunanin cewa kana aiki a dandalin ilmantarwa na yanar gizo, kuma mai zane a dandamali ya kirkiro barikin ci gaba da ta gani zai taimakawa dalibai su sauka daga hanya. Kuna so ku gwada tasirin barikin ci gaba a kan dalibai a cikin babban tsarin ilimin zamantakewa na zamantakewa. Bayan magance duk wata matsala da za ta iya fitowa a cikin gwaji, kai da abokan aikinka sun damu da cewa hanya bazai da ɗaliban ƙananan dalibai don gane abin da ya faru na barikin ci gaba. A cikin waɗannan ƙididdiga masu zuwa, zaku iya ɗauka cewa rabin daliban zasu karbi barikin ci gaba kuma rabin ba. Bugu da ari, zaku iya ɗauka cewa babu tsangwama. A wasu kalmomi, za ka iya ɗauka cewa mahalarta suna da rinjaye ko sun karbi magani ko iko; ba a aiwatar da su ba ko wasu mutane sun karbi magani ko sarrafawa (don ƙarin bayani, duba babi na 8 na Gerber and Green (2012) ). Kula da duk wani tunanin da kake yi.

    1. Ka yi la'akari da cewa barikin cigaba ana sa ran karuwar yawan ɗaliban da suka kammala karatun da kashi 1; menene samfurin samfurin da ake buƙata don tabbatar da sakamakon?
    2. Ka yi la'akari da cewa barikin cigaba ana sa ran kara yawan yawan ɗaliban da suka kammala karatun kashi 10 points; menene samfurin samfurin da ake buƙata don tabbatar da sakamakon?
    3. Yanzu kuyi tunanin cewa kun gudanar da gwajin, kuma ɗalibai waɗanda suka kammala duk kayan kayan aiki sunyi jarrabawar ƙarshe. Idan ka kwatanta yawan jarrabawar daliban da suka karbi barikin ci gaba tare da yawancin wadanda ba suyi ba, ka samu, da yawa don mamaki, cewa daliban da basu karbi barikin ci gaba ba ya zamo mafi girma. Shin yana nufin cewa barikin ci gaba ya sa yara su koyi? Menene zaku iya koya daga wannan bayanin? (Shahararra: Dubi babi na 7 na Gerber and Green (2012) )
  21. [ sosai wuya , yana buƙatar coding , na fi so ] Ka yi tunanin cewa kana aiki a matsayin masanin kimiyya a kamfanin fasaha. Wani daga sashen kasuwanci yana neman taimakonka a kimanta gwaji da suke shirin don auna ma'aunin dawowa akan zuba jarurruka (ROI) don sabon yakin talla na intanet. ROI an ƙayyade matsayin riba mai riba daga yakin da aka raba tsakanin kudin da yaƙin. Alal misali, yakin da ba shi da tasiri a kan tallace-tallace zai sami rabon -100%; wani yakin da za a samu dukiyar da aka samu daidai da farashi zai sami RAI na 0; da kuma yakin da za a samar da ita sau biyu, farashi zai sami nauyin 200%.

    Kafin kaddamar da gwajin, sashen kasuwanci yana ba ku bayanai na bayanan da suka samo asali daga binciken da suka gabata (a gaskiya, wadannan dabi'u sune ainihin ainihin yakin neman talla na kan layi da aka ruwaito a Lewis da Rao (2015) ):

    • Kasuwanci na tallace-tallace da abokin ciniki ya biyo bayan rarraba ta al'ada tare da mahimmanci na $ 7 da daidaitattun daidaituwa na $ 75.
    • Ana sa ran yakin za ta kara yawan tallace-tallace da $ 0.35 na abokin ciniki, wanda ya dace da karuwar $ 0.175 na abokin ciniki.
    • Girman da aka tsara na gwaji shine mutane 200,000: rabi a cikin ƙungiyar kula da rabi a cikin rukunin kulawa.
    • Kudin da yaƙin yaƙin ya kai $ 0.14 ta kowane mai shiga.
    • Rukunin da ake tsammani don wannan yakin na 25% [ \((0.175 - 0.14)/0.14\) ]. A wasu kalmomin, masana'antun kasuwanci sun yi imanin cewa, don kowace dala 100 da aka kashe a kan tallace-tallace, kamfanin zai sami ƙarin $ 25 a riba.

    Rubuta memo na kimanta wannan gwajin gwajin. Bayananku zai yi amfani da shaida daga simintin da kuke ƙirƙirar, kuma ya kamata ya magance manyan al'amurra biyu: (1) Kuna iya ba da shawarar ƙaddamar wannan gwaji kamar yadda aka tsara? Idan haka ne, me yasa? Idan ba, me yasa ba? Tabbatar da ya zama cikakke game da ka'idodin da kake amfani dashi don yin wannan yanke shawara. (2) Wace samfurin samfurin za ku bayar da shawarar don gwaji? Bugu da fatan don Allah a tabbatar da ya zama cikakke game da ka'idojin da kake amfani dashi don yin wannan yanke shawara.

    Memo mai kyau zai magance wannan ƙaddamarwa ta musamman; mafi mahimmanci zai iya rarraba wannan yanayin a hanya ɗaya (misali, nuna yadda yanke shawara ya canza matsayin aikin girman girman wannan yakin); kuma babban abin lura zai nuna cikakken sakamako. Maganarku za ta yi amfani da hotunan don taimakawa wajen nuna sakamakonku.

    Ga alamu guda biyu. Da farko, sashen kasuwanci zai iya ba ku bayanai mai mahimmanci, kuma sun kasa bayar da wasu bayanan da suka dace. Na biyu, idan kuna amfani da R, ku sani cewa aikin rlnorm () ba ya aiki yadda mutane da yawa suke tsammani.

    Wannan aikin zai ba ka yin aiki tare da yin amfani da wutar lantarki, samar da simulations, da kuma bayyana sakamakonka tare da kalmomi da kuma hotuna. Ya kamata ya taimaka maka gudanar da bincike mai karfi don kowane irin gwaji, ba kawai gwaje-gwajen da aka tsara don kimanta ROI ba. Wannan aikin yana tabbatar da cewa kuna da kwarewa tare da gwajin ilimin lissafi da kuma bincike na wutar lantarki. Idan ba ku da masaniya game da bincike na wutar lantarki, ina bayar da shawarar ku karanta "A Primer Primer" na Cohen (1992) .

    Wannan aikin ya yi wahayi zuwa gare ta da takarda mai kyau ta RA Lewis and Rao (2015) , wanda ya kwatanta cikakken ƙayyadaddun mahimmanci na gwaji. Takaddunsu-wanda a asali yana da maƙasudi mai suna "A kan Kusa-Kasawar Sake Gyara Rubuce-tallacen Talla" - ya nuna yadda yake da wuya a auna ma'aunin komawa kan zuba jari na tallace-tallace na kan layi, har ma da gwaje-gwaje na dijital da ke shafe miliyoyin abokan ciniki. Bugu da ƙari, RA Lewis and Rao (2015) nuna gaskiyar mahimmanci da ke da mahimmanci ga gwaje-gwaje na shekaru dijital: yana da wuya a kimanta ƙananan maganin cutar a cikin bayanan sakamako.

  22. [ sosai wuya , yana buƙatar matsa ] Yi daidai da tambaya ta baya, amma, maimakon kwaikwayo, ya kamata ka yi amfani da sakamakon bincike.

  23. [ sosai wuya , yana buƙatar matsa , yana buƙatar coding ] Yi daidai da tambaya ta baya, amma amfani da simintin gyare-gyare da samfurori.

  24. [ sosai wuya , yana buƙatar matsa , yana buƙatar coding ] Ka yi tunanin cewa ka rubuta abin da aka ambata a sama, kuma wani daga sashen kasuwanci ya ba da wani sabon bayani: suna sa ran yakamata 0.4 ya kasance tsakanin tallace-tallace kafin da bayan gwaji. Ta yaya wannan canza canje-canjen a cikin abin tunawa? (Ra'ayi: duba sashi na 4.6.2 don ƙarin bayani kan bambancin-na-ma'ana mai kimantawa da bambancin bambancin-bambancin.)

  25. [ wuya , yana buƙatar matsa ] Don nazarin tasiri na sabon shirin tallafin yanar gizo, wata jami'a ta gudanar da gwajin gwagwarmaya tsakanin dalibai 10,000 da suka shiga karatunsu na karshe na makaranta. An biyan kuɗi kyauta tare da bayanan shiga na musamman ta hanyar adireshin imel na musamman zuwa 5,000 na ɗalibai da aka zaɓa, yayin da sauran ɗalibai 5,000 suke cikin ƙungiyar kulawa kuma basu da biyan kuɗi. Bayan watanni goma sha biyu, binciken da aka yi (ba tare da amsa ba) ya nuna cewa a cikin magungunan kulawa da kulawa, kashi 70 cikin 100 na dalibai sun sami aikin yi na cikakken lokaci a filin da aka zaba (tebur 4.6). Sabili da haka, yana da alama cewa sabis na yanar gizo ba shi da tasiri.

    Duk da haka, masanin kimiyya na ilimin kimiyya a jami'ar ya dubi bayanan bayanan ya kara da hankali kuma ya gano cewa kawai kashi 20 cikin 100 na dalibai a cikin ƙungiyar masu jituwa sun shiga cikin asusu bayan sun karbi imel ɗin. Bugu da ƙari kuma, da ɗan mamaki, daga cikin waɗanda suka shiga shafin yanar gizon, 60% kawai sun sami aikin yi na cikakken lokaci a filin da aka zaba, wanda ya rage fiye da kudaden ga mutanen da basu shiga cikin ƙasa ba. a cikin yanayin kulawa (tebur 4.7).

    1. Bayyana bayani game da abin da zai faru.
    2. Mene ne hanyoyi biyu daban-daban don tantance sakamakon magungunan wannan gwajin?
    3. Da aka ba wannan sakamakon, ya kamata ya samar da wannan sabis ga dukan ɗalibai? Don kawai a bayyana, wannan ba tambaya ba ce da amsar mai sauƙi.
    4. Menene ya kamata su yi gaba?

    Shawarwari: Wannan tambayar ya wuce abin da ke cikin wannan babi, amma yana magance matsalolin da aka saba a gwaje-gwaje. Irin wannan nau'i na gwaji ana kira wani ƙarfafawa a wasu lokutan saboda ana karfafa masu halartar shiga cikin magani. Wannan matsala ita ce misali na abin da ake kira ɓangaren sashin jiki (duba babi na 5 na Gerber and Green (2012) ).

  26. [ wuya ] Bayan kara gwadawa, ya bayyana cewa gwajin da aka bayyana a cikin tambaya ta baya ya fi rikitarwa. Ya bayyana cewa kashi 10 cikin dari na mutanen da ke kula da su sun biya don samun damar yin amfani da sabis ɗin, kuma sun ƙare tare da yawan aiki na 65% (tebur 4.8).

    1. Rubuta adireshin imel da ke taƙaita abin da kake tsammani yana faruwa kuma ya bada shawara akan hanya.

    Shawarwari: Wannan tambayar ya wuce abin da ke cikin wannan babi, amma yana magance matsalolin da aka saba a gwaje-gwaje. Wannan matsala ita ce misalin abin da ake kira kashi biyu ( non-compliance) (duba babi na 6 na Gerber and Green (2012) ).

Tebur na 4.6: Sauƙi na Bayanan Bayanan daga Ayyuka na Ayyuka
Rukuni Girma Halin aiki
Ba da damar shiga yanar gizon 5,000 70%
Ba a sami damar shiga yanar gizon ba 5,000 70%
Table 4.7: Ƙarin cikakken bayani game da Bayanai daga Gwajin Ayyuka
Rukuni Girma Halin aiki
Ba dama damar shiga yanar gizon yanar gizo ba 1,000 60%
Ba dama damar shiga yanar gizon yanar gizo ba kuma ba a shiga ciki ba 4,000 72.5%
Ba a sami damar shiga yanar gizon ba 5,000 70%
Table 4.8: Cikakken Bayani na Bayanai daga Gwajin Ayyuka
Rukuni Girma Halin aiki
Ba dama damar shiga yanar gizon yanar gizo ba 1,000 60%
Ba dama damar shiga yanar gizon yanar gizo ba kuma ba a shiga ciki ba 4,000 72.5%
Bai ba damar shiga yanar gizon yanar gizo ba kuma ya biya shi 500 65%
Ba da damar shiga yanar gizon yanar gizo ba kuma bai biya ba 4,500 70.56%