Imisebenzi

Key:

  • degree of nobunzima: lula kulula , medium medium , kanzima hard , Kanzima impela kanzima kakhulu
  • kudinga izibalo ( kudinga math )
  • kudinga esephepheni ( kudinga esephepheni )
  • iqoqo idatha ( iqoqo idatha )
  • Izintandokazi zami ( intandokazi yami )

  1. [ medium , intandokazi yami ] Nolokukhungathekisa Algorithmic nenkinga nge-Google Flu Amathrendi. Funda leli phepha by Lazer et al. (2014) , bese ubhala indaba emfushane, imeyili ecacile ukuze unjiniyela Google echaza inkinga kanye enikeza umqondo wokuthi indlela yokulungisa le nkinga.

  2. [ medium ] Bollen, Mao, and Zeng (2011) uthi idatha kusuka Twitter kungasetshenziswa ukubikezela emakethe yamasheya. Lokhu okwatholakala kwaholela ekusungulweni uthango fund-Derwent Capital Markets-ukutshala imali emakethe yamasheya esekelwe idatha kuqoqwa Twitter (Jordan 2010) . Ibuphi ubufakazi uyofuna ukubona ngaphambi ngokubeka imali yakho kuleso sikhwama?

  3. [ kulula ] Nakuba abanye abameli lwezempilo lukahulumeni isichotho e-ugwayi njengenhlangano aid ephumelelayo ukubhema lokuphela, abanye baxwayisa ngezingozi ezingase zivele, ezifana eliphezulu amazinga nicotine. Cabanga nje ukuthi umcwaningi enquma ukutadisha imibono yomphakathi ngase e-ugwayi lokuqoqa ezihlobene e-ugwayi-Twitter izikhala kanye uqhuba inhliziyo analysis.

    1. Yiziphi ukucwasana ezintathu kungenzeka ukuthi ukhathazekile kakhulu mayelana kulolu cwaningo?
    2. Clark et al. (2016) wagijima nje isifundo esinjalo. Okokuqala, babuthela 850.000 Tweets ukuthi wasebenzisa angukhiye ezihlobene e-ugwayi-January 2012 kuya ku-December 2014. Lapho sihlolisisa, baqaphela ukuthi eziningi zalezi Tweets abangu ezenzekelayo (ie, hhayi ezivezwa abantu) futhi eziningi zalezi Tweets ezenzekelayo ngokuyinhloko kwakuyinkathi izimakethe. Lasungula Human Ukuthola algorithm ukwehlukanisa Tweets ngokuzenzakalela kusuka Tweets eziphilayo. Ukusebenzisa le Human Thola Algorithm bafumana ukuthi 80% of Tweets abangu ezenzekelayo. Ingabe lokhu okwatholakala ushintshe impendulo yakho ukuze inxa (a)?
    3. Lapho ayeqhathanisa umuzwa in Tweets eziphilayo ngokuzenzakalela bafumana ukuthi Tweets ngokuzenzakalela akhayo ezingaphezu kuka Tweets organic (6.17 Ukuqhathanisa 5.84). Ingabe lokhu okwatholakala ushintshe impendulo yakho (b)?

  4. [ kulula ] Ngo-November 2009, Twitter washintsha umbuzo ebhokisini Tweet kusukela "Nenzani na?" Ukuze "Kwenzekani?" (Https://blog.twitter.com/2009/whats-happening).

    1. Ucabanga ukuthi lolu shintsho kukuphi kuzothinta ngubani Tweet kanye / noma lokho Tweet?
    2. Qamba ucwaningo eyodwa project okuyiwona ungathanda ngokushesha "Nenzani na?" Chaza ukuthi kungani.
    3. Qamba ucwaningo eyodwa project okuyiwona ungathanda ngokushesha "Yilokho okwenzekayo?" Chaza ukuthi kungani.

  5. [ medium ] Kwak et al. (2010) ihlaziye amaphrofayli million 41.7 yomsebenzisi, 1.47 billion nobudlelwane bokuhlalisana, 4262 eziyi izihloko, futhi million 106 Tweets phakathi kukaJuni 6th and June 31, 2009. Kususelwa kule ukuhlaziya baphetha ngokuthi Twitter ukhonza ngaphezulu njengoba medium esisha ngolwazi esingaphezu inethiwekhi Yokuxhumana.

    1. Uma ucabangela okwatholakala Kwak et al, kuthiwani uhlobo locwaningo ungenzani ngayo idatha Twitter? Hlobo luni ucwaningo ngabe ungayenzanga na ngedatha Twitter? Kungani?
    2. Ngo-2010, Twitter ungeze Ubani Ukuze Landela service okwenza isiphakamiso ehambisana kubasebenzisi. Izincomo Three kukhonjiswa ngesikhathi ekhasini main. Izincomo bavame ethathelwe komuntu "bangane-abangane," kanye noxhumana mutual nazo ukuboniswa in the izincomo. Abasebenzisi kungaba niqabuleke ukubona iqoqo entsha izincomo noma vakashela ikhasi nge uhlu eside izincomo. Ucabanga lesi sici esisha kwakuzoshintsha impendulo yakho ukuze ingxenye a)? Kungani uthi yebo noma cha?
    3. Su, Sharma, and Goel (2016) esikalini umphumela we Ngubani Ukuze Landela service futhi bathola ukuthi nakuba abasebenzisi kuyoyonke imikhakha namazinga ukuthandwa azuza kuloko izincomo, abasebenzisi ethandwa kakhulu inzuzo kakhulu ezingaphezu kuka isilinganiso. Ingabe lokhu okwatholakala ushintshe impendulo yakho ukuze ingxenye b)? Kungani uthi yebo noma cha?

  6. [ kulula ] "Retweets" avame ukusetshenziswa ukukala ithonya basakaza kwethonya Twitter. Ekuqaleni, abasebenzisi kwadingeka ukopishe bese unamathisela Tweet ezikuthandayo, ukumaka umlobi yasekuqaleni wakhe / isibambo wakhe, futhi ngesandla uthayipha "RT" ngaphambi Tweet ukuze abonise ukuthi kungcono retweet. Kwabe sekuthi ngo-2009 Twitter ungeze "retweet" inkinobho. Ngo-June 2016, Twitter kwenza ukuba abasebenzisi ukuba retweet Tweets zabo siqu (https://twitter.com/twitter/status/742749353689780224). Ucabanga lezi zinguquko kufanele kukuthinte kanjani wena usebenzise "retweets" ocwaningweni lwakho? Kungani uthi yebo noma cha?

  7. [ medium , iqoqo idatha , kudinga esephepheni ] Michel et al. (2011) wakha Corpus eliphuma umzamo ye-Google ukuze ukudijithaza izincwadi. Ukusebenzisa inguqulo yokuqala ye Corpus, esanyatheliswa ngo-2009 futhi kuqukethwe kuka-5 million izincwadi ekhomphyutheni, abalobi sahlaziya ukusetshenziswa izwi imvamisa ukuba aphenye izinguquko kwezilimi izitayela kwamasiko. Ngokushesha le-Google Amabhuku Corpus waba ethandwa umthombo wemininingwane kubacwaningi, futhi inguqulo 2nd database wadedelwa ngo-2012.

    Nokho, Pechenick, Danforth, and Dodds (2015) waxwayisa ngokuthi abacwaningi kudingeka elichaza ngokugcwele inqubo ezimbalwa Corpus ngaphambi kokuwusebenzisa sokufinyelela iziphetho ebanzi. Inkinga enkulu wukuthi Corpus yilabhulali-like, aqukethe omunye sokugcina sencwadi ngayinye. Ngenxa yalokho, umuntu ngamunye, umbhali owabhala izincwadi uyakwazi kubonakale ufaka imishwana amasha isichazamazwi Google Amabhuku. Ngaphezu kwalokho, imibhalo yesayensi kuyisikhalo ingxenye ngokuya omkhulu we Corpus kulo lonke 1900s. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngokuqhathanisa ezimbili yencwajana English Fiction yohlelo Pechenick et al. Bathola ubufakazi bokuthi zokuhlunga obanele lalisetshenziswa ekukhiqizeni inguqulo yokuqala. Zonke idatha ezidingekayo ukuze umsebenzi itholakala lapha: http://storage.googleapis.com/books/ngrams/books/datasetsv2.html

    1. In iphepha Michel et al. Yokuqala (2011) , basebenzisa inguqulo 1st of the English isethi idatha, ugobe imvamisa yokusetshenziswa kwale minyaka "1880", "1912" futhi "1973", futhi waphetha ngokuthi "singabantwana sikhohlwa kwetfu kwesikhatsi lesengcile ngokushesha unyaka ngamunye "(Fig. 3A, uMichel et al.). Engaletha itulo efanayo esebenzisa 1) okufushane 1st of the Corpus, isiZulu kudathasethi (esifanayo njengoba Fig. 3A, uMichel et al.)
    2. Manje engaletha ngesakhiwo efanayo ne version 1st, English eqanjiwe yedathasethi.
    3. Manje engaletha ngesakhiwo efanayo ne version-2 Corpus, yedathasethi English.
    4. Ekugcineni, ukuphindaphinda ngesakhiwo efanayo ne version 2nd, English eqanjiwe yedathasethi.
    5. Chaza ezihluke ngazo nezinto ezifana phakathi kwalezi iziza ezine. Uyavumelana Michel et al. Sika ukuchazwa original mkhuba waphawula? (Ukusikisela: c) kanye d) kufanele zifane nalezo Figure 16 e Pechenick et al).
    6. Njengoba seniye ziphindaphindwe ngemiphumela yalolu cwaningo elilodwa usebenzisa ezahlukene corpora Google Books, khetha enye ushintsho namalimi wemiphakathi noma izenzakalo yamasiko ethulwa ephepheni Michel et al. Soqobo. Uyavumelana abahumusha ngayo ekukhanyeni ukulinganiselwa okwethulwa kulesi Pechenick et al.? Ukuze wenze i-agumenti lwakho luqine, zama engaletha igrafu efanayo esebenzisa izinguqulo ezahlukene idatha isethwe njengoba ngenhla.

  8. [ kanzima kakhulu , iqoqo idatha , kudinga esephepheni , intandokazi yami ] Penney (2016) iveze ukuthi ngabe kwakhulunywa ezisakazekile eziphathelene NSA / Prism ukubhekwa (ie, Snowden vulamehlo) June 2013 lihlotshaniswa ukwehla elibukhali futhi kungazelelwe traffic Wikipedia izihloko ngezihloko ukuthi ukukhulisa kobumfihlo. Uma kunjalo, lolu shintsho ekuziphatheni kwakuyoba uhambisane nomphumela athusayo eziwumphumela ukubhekwa mass. Le ndlela of Penney (2016) ngezinye izikhathi ibizwa ngokuthi i kuphazamisekile ngesikhathi uchungechunge design futhi ihlobene izindlela ngani esahlukweni mayelana approximating nemaresiphi kusukela idatha elibukelayo (Isigaba 2.4.3).

    Ukuze ukhethe angukhiye sihloko, Penney wabhekisela ohlwini olusetshenziswa US Department of Homeland Security ethungatha nokuqapha social media. Lolu hlu DHS categorizes amatemu wosesho ibe uhla lwezinkinga, okungukuthi "Health Concern," "Ukuphepha Infrastructure," futhi "Ubuphekula." Ngoba leli qembu elihlolayo, Penney wasebenzisa angukhiye amane nesishiyagalombili ezihlobene "Ubuphekula" (bheka Ithebula 8 isithasiselo). Wabe uquqaba injabulokufunda kokubuka njalo ngenyanga ukuze ohambelana amane nesishiyagalombili Wikipedia phezu izinyanga ezingamashumi amathathu nambili, kusukela ekuqaleni kuka-January 2012 kuze kube sekupheleni kuka-August 2014. Ukuze ziqinise iphuzu lakhe, wabuye wadala comparison eziningana amaqembu ngokulandela sihloko ukubukwa nangezinye izihloko.

    Manje, uya ukuphindaphinda kanye ukunweba Penney (2016) . Yonke idatha okuluhlaza ukuthi uzodinga ngoba lo msebenzi itholakala kusukela Wikipedia (https://dumps.wikimedia.org/other/pagecounts-raw/). Noma ungathola it kusukela wikipediatrend R iphakethe (Meissner and Team 2016) . Uma ubhala-up izimpendulo zakho, sicela uqaphele ukuthi iyiphi idatha umthombo olisebenzisile. (Qaphela: Lo msebenzi liyavela futhi Isahluko 6)

    1. Funda Penney (2016) kanye ukuphindaphinda Figure 2 elibonisa ukubukwa page for "Ubuphekula" emakhasini -related ngaphambi nangemva Snowden isambulo. Humusha okutholakele.
    2. Okulandelayo, ukuphindaphinda Fig 4A, okuyinto ufanisa leli qembu elihlolayo ( "Ubuphekula" izihloko -related) neqembu comparator usebenzisa angukhiye ezigatsheni "DHS & zemininingwane Agencies" kusuka DHS ohlwini (bheka iSithasiselo Ithebula 10). Humusha okutholakele.
    3. Ngokwengxenye b) wena kuqhathaniswa leli qembu elihlolayo elinye iqembu comparator. Penney futhi kuqhathaniswa namanye amaqembu amabili comparator: "Ukulondeka Ingqalasizinda 'izihloko -related (Isithasiselo Ithebula 11) futhi ethandwa Wikipedia Amakhasi (Isithasiselo Ithebula 12). Yenyukani nge ehlukile comparator iqembu, futhi avivinye uma nemiphumela ingxenye b) sineluvelo esimeni okhetha ngayo comparator group. Yikuphi choice of comparator iqembu kwenza umqondo kakhulu? Kungani?
    4. Umbhali wawuthi angukhiye ahlobene nelithi "Ubuphekula" zazisetshenziselwa ukuze ukhethe Wikipedia ngoba uhulumeni wase-US ekhonjiwe nobuphekula njengoba ukulungisiswa esiyisihluthulelo sokuba nemikhuba yabo inthanethi ukubhekwa. Njengoba isheke yalezi 48 "Ubuphekula" angukhiye -related, Penney (2016) wabuye inhlolovo on MTurk ekucela abaphendula ukale ngamunye angukhiye mayelana Government Trouble, Ubumfihlo-ezizwelayo, futhi Sokuvikela Ukukhokhiswa (Isithasiselo Ithebula 7 no 8). Engaletha inhlolovo on MTurk bese uqhathanisa imiphumela yakho.
    5. Ngokusekelwe imiphumela ngokwengxenye d) kanye ukufunda kwakho sihloko, ingabe uyavumelana ne choice yombhali KWESIHLOKO angukhiye eqenjini isifundo? Kungani uthi yebo noma cha? Uma kungenjalo, yini obungayenza wena asikisela esikhundleni?

  9. [ kulula ] Efrati (2016) imibiko, ngokusekelwe ulwazi oluyimfihlo, ukuthi "ukwabelana Imininingwane" on Facebook lase lehle ngamaphesenti mayelana 5.5% unyaka nonyaka kanti "original ukusakaza ukwabelana" lafinyelela 21% unyaka nonyaka. Loku kwehla kwaba sibi kakhulu kubasebenzisi Facebook ezineminyaka engaphansi kwengu-30 ubudala. Lo mbiko isixhazululo nokwehla yizinto ezimbili. Elinye ukukhula kwenani "abangane" abantu babe on Facebook. Enye ukuthi abanye umsebenzi ukwaba saya zemiyalezo futhi izimbangi ezifana Snapchat. Lo mbiko wabuye wembula amaqhinga amaningana Facebook wayezame zokuthuthukisa ukwabelana, kuhlanganise News Okuphakelayo algorithm ukulungisa ezenza izikhala original igqame kakhudlwana, kanye nezikhumbuzo amaphephabhuku we original izikhala abasebenzisi "On This Day" eminyakeni eminingana edlule. Kuthiwani nemitselela, uma ikhona, ingabe le miphumela babe abacwaningi abafuna ukusebenzisa Facebook njengoba umthombo idatha?

  10. [ medium ] Tumasjan et al. (2010) ibike ukuthi ingxenye yawo wonke Tweets ukukhuluma iqembu lezombusazwe ifaniswe inani amavoti ukuthi iqembu eliwatholile German ephalamende 2009 (Figure 2.9). Ngamanye amazwi, kwabonakala sengathi ungase usebenzise Twitter ukubikezela ukhetho. Ngesikhathi salolu cwaningo yanyatheliswa kwakubhekwa okuthakazelisayo kakhulu ngoba kwakubonakala isikisele ukusetshenziswa obalulekile umthombo ovamile idatha big.

    Njengoba sazi izici ezimbi idatha big, Nokho, kufanele ngokushesha ukungabaza lo mphumela. AmaJalimane on Twitter ngo-2009 impela iqembu non-omele, nabasekeli omunye angase Tweet ngezombusazwe kaningi. Ngakho, kubonakala sengathi kungamangalisi ukuthi zonke ukucwasana kungenzeka ukuthi ngakwazi ukuzibona kahle ngeso bekungaba ngandlela-thile asule. Empeleni, imiphumela Tumasjan et al. (2010) , ekugcineni kwahlaluka ukuthi kuhle kakhulu ukuba kungaba yiqiniso. Ngo iphepha, Tumasjan et al. (2010) kubhekwa amaqembu ayisithupha ezombusazwe: Christian Democrats (CDU), Christian Social Democrats (CSU), SPD, Liberals (FDP), The Left (Die Linke), kanye Green Party (Green). Nokho, okukhulunywe ngaye kakhulu German Iqembu lezombusazwe Twitter ngaleso sikhathi eyayiyinhloko-Pirate Party (Piraten), a party elwa nohulumeni somthetho we-Internet. Lapho Pirate Party kwahlanganiswa analysis, Twitter okukhulunyiwe kuba inkomba esabekayo imiphumela yokhetho (Figure 2.9) (Jungherr, Jürgens, and Schoen 2012) .

    Umfanekiso 2.9: Twitter okukhulunyiwe avele ukubikezela imiphumela yokhetho 2009 German (Tumasjan et al 2010)., Kodwa lokhu yi kuvela bathembele ezinye izinqumo ngaphandle kokubonisana nomkayo futhi engenabulungisa (Jungherr, Jurgens, futhi Schoen 2012).

    Umfanekiso 2.9: Twitter okukhulunyiwe avele ukubikezela imiphumela yokhetho 2009 German (Tumasjan et al. 2010) , Kodwa lokhu yi kuvela bathembele ezinye izinqumo ngaphandle kokubonisana nomkayo futhi engenabulungisa (Jungherr, Jürgens, and Schoen 2012) .

    Kamuva, abanye abacwaningi emhlabeni wonke baye basebenzisa izindlela ezimbi ezinjengezimpi fancier njengoba usebenzisa inhliziyo analysis ukuhlukanisa phakathi kwezinto emihle nemibi nokushiwoyo the amaqembu-ukuze uthuthukise ikhono idatha Twitter ukuze ukubikezela tinhlobo letehlukene ukhetho (Gayo-Avello 2013; Jungherr 2015, Ch. 7.) . Nakhu ukuthi Huberty (2015) ngokufingqiwe imiphumela yalezi imizamo ukuze ukubikezela ukhetho:

    "Zonke izindlela ezaziwayo ukubikezela ngokusekelwe zokuxhumana ziye zahluleka lapho ngaphansi okufunwa phambili ukubikezela beqiniso zokhetho. Lokhu kwehluleka kubonakale kungumbono ngenxa izakhiwo eyisisekelo imithombo yezokuxhumana, kunokuba nobunzima methodological noma algorithmic. Ngamafuphi, abezindaba social ungalilahli, futhi cishe akasoze, anikele ezinzile, engachemile nelungile, picture ummeleli labavoti; namasampula lula media social bantule idatha eyanele ukuze silungise lezi zinkinga post inthanethi. "

    Funda ezinye ucwaningo eziholela Huberty (2015) kuleso siphetho, bese ubhala memo ikhasi elilodwa kumholi zezombusazwe echaza uma nendlela Twitter kufanele isetshenziselwe kulindeleke ukhetho.

  11. [ medium ] Uyini umehluko phakathi isazi sezokuhlalisana kwabantu futhi owayeyisazi-mlando? Ngokusho Goldthorpe (1991) , umehluko oyinhloko phakathi isazi sezokuhlalisana kwabantu futhi owayeyisazi-mlando Ukulawula phezu iqoqo idatha. Izazi-mlando bephoqeleka ukuba usebenzise indaba yezinto ezingcwele kanti zezenhlalo zingaba ahlele iqoqo idatha ku ngenhloso letsite. Funda Goldthorpe (1991) . umehluko phakathi kwabantu nomlando kuhlobene kanjani umqondo Custommades futhi Readymades?

  12. [ hard ] Ngokwakha umbuzo odlule, Goldthorpe (1991) wahosha nje abantu abaningi baphendula esibucayi, kuhlanganise omunye kusukela Nicky Hart (1994) ezivivinya ukuzinikela Goldthorpe sika ente ezenziwe idatha. Ukuze acacise ukulinganiselwa ezingase zibe idatha zenzelwa, Hart wachaza lo acebile Worker Project, kusho inhlolovo enkulu ukukala ubuhlobo phakathi isigaba sezenhlalo kanye zokuvota lwenziwe Goldthorpe nozakwethu maphakathi nawo-1960. Njengoba ongakulindela kusuka isazi ababefuna idatha ngedatha atholakala ngayo, acebile Worker Project baqoqa idatha ofanelana ukubhekana theory muva ehlongozwayo mayelana nekusasa isigaba sezenhlalo inkathi kokwanda kwamazinga okuphila. Kodwa, Goldthorpe kanye nozakwabo ngandlela-thile 'bakhohlwa "ukuqoqa ulwazi mayelana nokuziphatha yokuvota kwabesifazane. Nakhu ukuthi Nicky Hart (1994) ukufingqa ukubeka ngawakhe amagama lonke isiqephu:

    ". . . ke [okwazi] kunzima ukugwema esiphethweni sokuthi abesifazane zakhishwa ngoba lokhu 'umsiki ezenziwe' kudathasethi wayeboshwe ngumuntu logic paradigmatic okuyinto abashiywe ngaphandle isipiliyoni female. Beqhutshwa umbono ezincwadini okuqokonyiswa futhi isenzo njengoba matasa besilisa. . . , Goldthorpe nozakwabo kwakhiwa iqoqo bonakaliso enokwehla okuyinto wasuthisa futhi inakekelwa siqu ezizathwini yabo theory esikhundleni izinqe kubo uvivinyo evumelekile nokwanela. "

    Hart waqhubeka:

    "Uphenyo lukhombise enokwehla we acebile Worker Project usitshele kabanzi mayelana amagugu masculinist kwabantu nekhulu ukwedlula bazisa izinqubo babhekane nezinga elikhulu, ezombangazwe nokuphila impahla."

    Ungacabanga ezinye izibonelo lapho iqoqo idatha zenzelwa ine ukucwasana we ngalendoda idatha afakwa kulo? lokhu kufana kanjani ukuba nolokukhungathekisa algorithmic? Yini lezinyathelo lokhu ezingakwenza lapho abacwaningi kumele usebenzise Readymades nalapho kufanele basebenzise Custommades?

  13. [ medium ] Kulesi sahluko, I waqhathanisa idatha eqoqwe ngokokukhetha kwabacwaningi kubacwaningi amarekhodi zokuphatha adalwe izinkampani kanye nohulumeni. Abanye basibiza ngokuthi lokhu kulandisa zokuphatha "atholakala idatha," which they ihluke "idatha eyenzelwe." Kuyiqiniso ukuthi amarekhodi zokuphatha zitholakala abacwaningi, kodwa nazo yakhelwe kakhulu. Ngokwesibonelo, izinkampani tech zanamuhla zichitha umzukuzuku isikhathi nezinto ukuqoqa kanye ziphathe idatha yabo. Ngakho, la marekhodi zokuphatha kokubili atholakala futhi yakhelwe, nje incike ngombono wakho (Figure 2.10).

    Figure 2.10: The picture kungumsebenti duck kanye unogwaja; lokho okubonayo incike ngombono wakho. Uhulumeni kanye namabhizinisi amarekhodi zokuphatha kokubili sitholakale futhi yakhelwe; lokho okubonayo incike ngombono wakho. Ngokwesibonelo, amarekhodi idatha yerekhodi eqoqwe yinkampani cell phone zitholakala idatha kusuka ngokombono umcwaningi. Kodwa, la marekhodi esiqondile efanayo zenzelwe idatha ngokombono othile Izisebenzi zomnyango lokukhokhisa of inkampani yocingo. Source: Wikimedia Commons

    Figure 2.10: The picture kungumsebenti duck kanye unogwaja; lokho okubonayo incike ngombono wakho. Uhulumeni kanye namabhizinisi amarekhodi zokuphatha kokubili sitholakale futhi yakhelwe; lokho okubonayo incike ngombono wakho. Ngokwesibonelo, amarekhodi idatha yerekhodi eqoqwe yinkampani cell phone zitholakala idatha kusuka ngokombono umcwaningi. Kodwa, la marekhodi esiqondile efanayo zenzelwe idatha ngokombono othile Izisebenzi zomnyango lokukhokhisa of inkampani yocingo. Source: Wikimedia Commons

    Nikeza isibonelo yomthombo idatha lapho ebona lokhu kokubili njengoba kulotshwe futhi yakhelwe kuwusizo lapho usebenzisa ukuthi umthombo wemininingwane ucwaningo.

  14. [ kulula ] Endabeni esicatshangelwe kahle, umKristu Sandvig futhi Eszter Hargittai (2015) uchaze izinhlobo ezimbili zocwaningo digital, lapho uhlelo digital "yomculo" noma "into cwaningo." Isibonelo uhlobo lokuqala zokutadisha lapho Bengtsson kanye nozakwabo (2011) esetshenziswa idatha yeselula ukulandelela ukufuduka ngemva kokuzamazama komhlaba eHaiti ngo-2010 isibonelo uhlobo lwesibili kulapho kungena khona Jensen (2007) izifundo indlela ukwethulwa mobile phones kulo lonke Kerala, India ishaya ukusebenza ezimakethe izinhlanzi. Ngithola le buyasiza ngoba icacisa ukuthi izifundo besebenzisa digital imithombo idatha ungaba nemigomo kuhlukile kunokunikeza ngisho uma usebenzisa uhlobo olufanayo umthombo idatha. Ukuze kuqhutshekwe acacise lokhu umehluko, chaza izifundo ezine ukuthi uke wambona: ezimbili ezisebenzisa uhlelo digital njengenhlangano ithuluzi ezimbili ezisebenzisa uhlelo digital njengento zokutadisha. Ungasebenzisa izibonelo kulesi sahluko uma ufuna.

Powered by Open Review Toolkit