2.3.5 Haigoneki

Dhiyabhorosi inoshandiswa nemakambani nehurumende zvakaoma kuti vanotsvakurudza vawane.

MunaMeyi 2014, US National Security Agency yakavhura nzvimbo yezvinyorwa mumaruwa yeUrma ane zita risingaiti, Intelligence Community Comprehensive National Cybersecurity Initiative Data Center. Zvisinei, iyi nzvimbo yepa data, iyo yakasvika pakuzivikanwa se Utah Data Center, inonzi iine unyanzvi hunoshamisa. Mumwe mushumo unotaura kuti unokwanisa kuchengeta nekugadzira nzira dzose dzekukurukurirana kusanganisira "zvakakwana zviri mukati memamwe maimeri emafoni, nhare dzesefoni, nekutsvakurudza kweGoogle, pamwe nemhando dzose dzemigwagwa dzemunhu oga-mapeji emakisikiti, mafambiro ekufambisa, mabhuku ezvitoro anotenga , uye imwe yedijiti 'chikwata chematokari' " (Bamford 2012) . Mukuwedzera pakusimudza kunetseka pamusoro pehutano hwehuwandu hwemashoko akabatwa mumashoko makuru, izvo zvicharondedzerwa zvakare pasi apa, Utah Data Center inonyanya muenzaniso wepfuma yezvinyorwa zvisiri izvo zvisingawaniki kune vatsvakurudzi. Zvimwe zvinowanzoitika, mitsara yakawanda yemadhora makuru angave anobatsira anotarirwa uye akadzivirirwa nehurumende (semuenzaniso, mutero wematare uye data yezvidzidzo) kana makambani (p., Mibvunzo kutsvaga injini uye foni-meta-data). Nokudaro, kunyange zvazvo izvi zvakabva kune deta zviripo, hazvina maturo nekuda kwekutsvakurudza kwevanhu nokuti hazvisvikiki.

Muhupenyu hwangu, vatsvakurudzi vazhinji vanobva kumayunivhesiti havanzwisisi zvinyorwa izvi. Iyi data haisvikiki nokuti vanhu vari mumakambani nehurumende mapenzi, simbe, kana kusava nehanya. Pane kudaro, kune mitemo yakakomba, bhizimisi, uye maitiro ekutendesa anodzivirira kuwanikwa kwe data. Semuenzaniso, mamwe mazwi-e-service zvibvumirano zvemawebsite anongobvumira deta kuti ishandiswe nevashandi kana kuvandudza basa. Saka dzimwe nzira dzekugovana deta dzinogona kuzarura makambani kumatare edzimhosva kubva kune vatengi. Kunewo matambudziko makuru ebhizimisi kumakambani anobatanidzwa mukugovana dheta. Edza kufungidzira kuti vanhu vose vangapindura sei kana tsvakurudzo yega yega data yakaerekana yabuda kubva kuGoogle sechikamu chekutsvakurudza kwunivhesiti. Kukanganisa kwakadaro kudarika, kana kwakanyanyisa, kunogona kunge kuripo kune ngozi yekambani. Saka Google-uye makambani makuru-ane njodzi-inopesana pamusoro pekugovana dhamana nevatsvakurudzi.

Zvechokwadi, inenge munhu wose ari munzvimbo yekupa ruzivo rwekuwanda kwe data anoziva nhau ya Abdur Chowdhury. Muna 2006, paakanga ari mukuru wekutsvakurudza paAOL, akazvipira muchikwata chekutsvakurudza izvo zvaifunga kuti zvakanyatsotsvakurudzwa mitsva yekutsvaga kubva ku 650,000 AOL vashandisi. Sezvandinogona kutaura, Chowdhury nevatsvakurudzi veAOL vaiva nechinangwa chakanaka, uye vakafunga kuti vakanga vanyora data. Asi ivo vakanga vasina kururama. Yakakurumidza kuwanikwa kuti data yakanga isiri iyo isingazivikanwi sezvo vatsvakurudzi vaifunga, uye vanyori venhau veNew York Times vakakwanisa kuziva munhu ari mudasetete zviri nyore (Barbaro and Zeller 2006) . Imwe nguva matambudziko aya akawanikwa, Chowdhury akabvisa mashoko kubva pawebsite yeAOL, asi yakanga yanyanyisa. Iyo data yakanga yadzorerwa kune mamwe mawebsite, uye inenge ichiripo inowanikwa apo uri kuverenga bhuku rino. Chowdhury akadzingwa, uye mukuru weAOL tekinoloji akarega (Hafner 2006) . Sezvinoratidzwa nemuenzaniso uyu, zvinobatsira kune vamwe vanhu vari mukati memakambani kuti zvive nyore kufambisa dhiyabhorosi zvakanyanya kuduku uye yakaipisisa-mamiriro ezvinhu anotyisa.

Vanotsvakurudza vanogona, kunyange zvakadaro, dzimwe nguva vanowana ruzivo rwekudhakwa kusingawaniki kuvanhu vose. Dzimwe hurumende dzine nzira iyo vatsvakurudzi vanogona kutevera kuti vashandise kubvumirwa, uye sezvinotevera mienzaniso muchitsauko chino zvinoratidza, vatsvakurudzi vanogona pane dzimwe nguva kuwana ruzivo rwemashoko ehurumende. Somuenzaniso, Einav et al. (2015) yakabatana nemutsvakurudzi weBay kuti adzidze painternet auctions. Ndichataura zvakawanda pamusoro pekutsvakurudza kwakauya kubva pakubatanidzwa kwakapfuura muchitsauko, asi ini ndinotaura nezvazvo ikozvino nokuti yakanga ine zvese zvayo izvo zvandinowona mukubudirira kwehukama: tsvakurudzo inofarira, nyanzvi yekutsvakurudza, nyanzvi yekambani, nekambani yekambani . Ndakaona huwandu hunobatanidzwa hunokundikana nokuti mumwe muongorori kana mudiwa-ingava kambani kana hurumende-isina chimwe chezvinhu izvi.

Kunyange kana iwe uchikwanisa kukudziridza kubatana nebhizimisi kana kuwana ruzivo rwekuregererwa kwehupfumi hwehurumende, zvisinei, kune zvimwe zvishoma pasi pako. Kutanga, iwe haungakwanise kugovana nedheta yako nevamwe vatsvakurudzi, izvo zvinoreva kuti vamwe vatsvakurudzi havazokwanise kuongorora uye kuwedzera zviwanikwa zvako. Chechipiri, mibvunzo yaunogona kukumbira ingave yakakwana; makambani haafaniri kubvumira kutsvakurudza kunogona kuita kuti vatarise zvakaipa. Pakupedzisira, kushamwaridzana uku kunogona kuumba zvishoma kuonekwa kwekupesana kwechido, apo vanhu vangafunga kuti zviwanikwa zvako zvakakonzerwa nekubatana kwako. Zvose izvi zvinogona kukonzerwa, asi zvakakosha kujekesa kuti kushanda nedheta risingawanikwi kune wese munhu ane zvose zvinokura uye zvakaderera.

Mukupfupisa, zvakawanda zvemashoko makuru hazvigoneki kune vatsvakurudzi. Kune mhirizhonga yemutemo, bhizinesi, uye mitemo yakadzivirira kuchengetedza dhizinesi, uye zvipingamupinyi hazvingazoperi sezvo teknolojia inowedzera nekuti haisi yezvigadzirwa zvepamhizha. Dzimwe hurumende dzenyika dzakagadzira nzira dzekugonesa kuwanikwa kwemashoko emamwe ma dataset, asi urongwa hunoenderana nehutano kune hutunhu uye munzvimbo dzomunharaunda. Uyewo, pane dzimwe nguva, vatsvakurudzi vanogona kushamwaridzana nemakambani kuti vawane ruzivo rwekuwana, asi izvi zvinogona kugadzira zvinetso zvakasiyana kune vatsvakurudzi nemakambani.