2.3.2.5 Algorithmically manyazi

Khalidwe mu deta anapeza si achilengedwe, ndi lotengeka ndi zolinga za ukachenjede ya kachitidwe.

Ngakhale ambiri deta anapeza magwero si a zotakasika chifukwa anthu sadziwa deta awo akujambulidwa (Ndime 2.3.1.3), ofufuza sayenera tikambirane makhalidwe mu kachitidwe Intaneti kuti "mwachibadwa zikuchitika" kapena "oyera." Kunena zoona, kachitidwe digito kuti mbiri khalidwe kwambiri adapanga kupangira makhalidwe enieni monga kuwonekera pa malonda kapena kukhoma okhutira. The njira kuti zolinga za dongosolo okonza zimene awerengazo dongosolo mu deta amatchedwa algorithmic kuthetsa nzeru. Algorithmic kuthetsa nzeru n'ngwachilendo asayansi chikhalidwe, koma nkhawa yaikulu pakati kusamala asayansi deta. Ndipo mosiyana ndi ena mwa mavuto ena ndi kuda digito, algorithmic kuthetsa nzeru zimadalira wosaoneka.

A chitsanzo osavuta wa kuthetsa nzeru algorithmic n'chakuti pa Facebook pali munthu anomalously mkulu chiwerengero cha owerenga ndi pafupifupi 20 abwenzi (Ugander et al. 2011) . Asayansi kusanthula deta izi osazindikira iliyonse mmene Facebook ntchito akanakhoza Mosakayika kupanga nkhani zambiri za momwe 20 mtundu wa nambala zamatsenga chikhalidwe. Komabe, Ugander ndi anzake anali kumvetsa yokulirapo ya ndondomeko yomwe kwaiye deta, ndipo iwo ankadziwa kuti Facebook analimbikitsa anthu ndi kugwirizana ochepa pa Facebook kuti abwenzi kwambiri mpaka anafika anzanu 20. Ngakhale Ugander ndi anzake sindikunena izi mu pepala, lamuloli linali mwina analengedwa ndi Facebook kuti alimbikitse atsopano kukhala mbali. Popanda kudziwa kuti kuli lamulo, choncho n'zosavuta kuti ajambule molakwa kwa deta. M'mawu ena, n'zosadabwitsa mkulu chiwerengero cha anthu ndi pafupifupi 20 abwenzi limatiuza zambiri za Facebook kuposa khalidwe la munthu.

More zoipa kuposa chitsanzo yapita kumene algorithmic kuthetsa nzeru opangidwa chifukwa quirky kuti kufufuza bwino akhoza kufufuza zambiri, pali ngakhale trickier Baibulo la kuthetsa nzeru algorithmic kuti kumachitika pamene okonza kachitidwe Intaneti akudziwa mfundo chikhalidwe ndiyeno kuphika mfundo izi mu ntchito wa kachitidwe kawo. Asayansi Social kuitana performativity ichi: pamene mfundo kusintha dziko m'njira kuti abweretse dziko kwambiri mu mzere ndi chiphunzitso. Mu milandu performative algorithmic kuthetsa nzeru, chikhalidwe manyazi deta ndi mwina wosaoneka.

Chitsanzo chimodzi cha chitsanzo analengedwa ndi performativity ndi transitivity mu Intaneti Intaneti chikhalidwe. Mu 1970 ndi 1980s, ofufuza mobwerezabwereza anapeza kuti ngati inu muli abwenzi ndi Alice ndipo inu muli abwenzi ndi Bob, ndiye Bob ndi Alice m'posavuta kuti abwenzi ndi mzake kuposa anthu awiri mosintha osankhidwa. Ndipo ichi chitsanzo chomwecho linali Zithunzi chikhalidwe on Facebook (Ugander et al. 2011) . Motero, munthu angaganize kuti Pantchito za ubwenzi pa Facebook motsanzira Pantchito za ubwenzi olumikizidwa ku makina, osachepera mawu a transitivity. Komabe, ukulu wa transitivity mu Facebook Zithunzi chikhalidwe anafa lotengeka ndi kuthetsa nzeru algorithmic. Kutanthauza deta asayansi pa Facebook ankadziwa kafukufuku wazotsatira ndi ongolankhula za transitivity ndiyeno kuphika mmene Facebook ntchito. Facebook ali "Anthu Mungadziwe" Mbali kuti zikusonyeza abwenzi atsopano, ndi njira imodzi imene Facebook wasankha amene lingaliro kwa inu transitivity. Ndiyo Facebook zambiri amati inu kucheza ndi anzake anzanu. Mbali limeneli lili ndi zotsatira za kuwonjezeka transitivity mu Facebook Zithunzi chikhalidwe; mwa kulankhula kwina, chiphunzitso cha transitivity akubweretsa dziko mu mzere ndi maulosi a chiphunzitso (Healy 2015) . Choncho, pamene magwero aakulu deta zikuoneka kuti kubereka maulosi a chiphunzitso chikhalidwe, tiyenera kuonetsetsa kuti chiphunzitso lokha sanali anaphika mmene dongosolo ntchito.

M'malo kuganiza magwero aakulu deta monga kuona anthu pamalo zachilengedwe, pofotokoza kwambiri oyenera akuona anthu kasino a. Casinos kwambiri adapanga mapangidwe cholinga kupangira makhalidwe ena, ndipo ofufuza ndi sangalole kuyembekezera kuti khalidwe ku kasino ukanakhala akutithandiza unfettered khalidwe la munthu. Inde, tingathe kuphunzira chinachake khalidwe kuphunzira anthu munthu mu casinos ndiponso kasino angakhale abwino chifukwa chophunzira ubale mowa ndi chiopsezo amakonda-koma ngati ananyalanyaza deta anali olengedwa kasino ndi timachitira kujambula zinthu zina zoipa.

Mwatsoka, polimbana ndi kuthetsa nzeru algorithmic ndi kovuta kwambiri chifukwa zinthu zambiri za pa Intaneti ndi kampani, bwino zalembedwa, ndi zonse kusintha. Mwachitsanzo, ngati ine ndifotokoza kenako mu chaputala ichi, algorithmic kuthetsa nzeru anali limodzi lokha zotheka pang'onopang'ono yopuma-pansi Google Matenda a Chimfine Trends (Ndime 2.4.2), koma amanena zimenezi zinali zovuta kuwunika chifukwa ntchito mkati kufufuza Google aligorivimu ndi kampani. Chikhalidwe zazikulu za kuthetsa nzeru algorithmic ndi mtundu umodzi wa dongosolo kulowerera. Algorithmic kuthetsa nzeru zikutanthauza kuti tiyenera kusamala kunenanso makhalidwe a anthu amene abwera ndi dongosolo single digito, kaya yayikulu.