2.1 Gabatarwa

A cikin analog shekaru, tattara bayanai game da hali-wanda ke aikata abin lõkacin-yana da tsada, sabili da haka, mun gwada rare. Yanzu, a cikin dijital shekaru, da halayyar da biliyoyin mutane an rubuta, adana, da kuma analyzable. Alal misali, duk lokacin da ka danna a kan wani website, yin kira a kan wayar salula, ko ya biya wani abu tare da katin bashi, a digital rikodin ka hali da aka halitta da kuma adana kafin a business. Saboda wadannan bayanan suna a by-samfur na mutane a kowace rana ayyuka, suna da yawa ake kira digital burbushi. Bugu da kari wadannan burbushi gudanar da harkokin kasuwanci, gwamnatoci ma suna wuce yarda m bayanai game da biyu mutane da kuma kasuwanci, data wanda yake shi ne sau da yawa digitized da analyzable. Tare da wadannan kasuwanci da kuma gwamnatin records sukan kira babban data.

The taba-tashin ruwan tsufana na babban data nufin cewa mun koma daga duniya, inda halin data kasance wanda bai isa zuwa duniya, inda halin data ne yalwatacce. Amma, domin wadannan iri data ne in mun gwada sabon, wani m adadin bincike yin amfani da su kama masana kimiyya suyi bi samuwa data. Wannan babi, a maimakon haka, yayi wani akida kusantar fahimtar daban-daban samo bayanai da kuma yadda za su iya amfani da. Wannan aukaka fahimtar Ya taimake ku m dace your bincike tambayoyi to ya dace samo bayanai. Ko kuma idan irin wannan data kasance kafofin an rasa, shawo ku tattara your own data ta amfani da ideas a nan gaba surori.

A mataki na farko ga koyo daga babban data ne a gane cewa yana da wani ɓangare na wani mafi fadi category bayanai da aka yi amfani da social bincike domin shekaru masu yawa: observational data. Wajen, observational data ne wani data cewa results daga lura a social tsarin ba tare da tsoma bakin a wasu hanya. A danye hanyar tunani game da shi shi ne cewa observational data ne duk abin da ba ya unsa magana da mutane (misali, safiyo, da topic na Babi na 3) ko canza mutane muhallin (misali, gwaje-gwajen, da topic na Chapter 4). Saboda haka, ban da harkokin kasuwanci da kuma gwamnatin records, observational data hada da abubuwa kamar matanin jaridar articles da tauraron dan adam photos.

Wannan babi yana da sassa uku. Na farko, a Sashe 2.2, na bayyana babban data a more daki-daki, kuma bayyana a muhimman hakkokin bambanci tsakanin shi da kuma bayanai da suka kullum aka yi amfani da social bincike a baya. Sa'an nan kuma, a Sashe 2.3, na bayyana goma kowa halaye na babban data kafofin. Fahimtar wadannan halaye ba mu damar da sauri gane karfi da kuma kasawan data kasance kafofin da za su taimaka mana cin gajiyar sabon kafofin da za a halitta a nan gaba. A karshe, a Sashe 2.4, na bayyana uku main bincike dabarun da za ka iya amfani da su domin koya daga observational data: kirgawa abubuwa, kiyasin kõme, kuma approximating wani gwaji.