6.4 Four izimiso

Izimiso ezine ukuthi ngiyakwazi ukuzikhuthaza abacwaningi zibheke ukungaqiniseki zesimilo yilezi: Inhlonipho Persons, Beneficence, uJustice, begodu ezihlonipha umthetho ne- Public Interest.

Zezinselele zezindinganiso ukuthi abacwaningi nazo age digital athé ukwehluka kunalezo esidlule. Nokho, abacwaningi ukubhekana nalezi zinselele ngokwakha on ekuqaleni ukucabanga zokuziphatha. Ikakhulu, ngikholwa ukuthi eZimisweni imibiko-The ezimbili Belmont Umbiko (Belmont Report 1979) kanye The Menlo Umbiko (Dittrich, Kenneally, and others 2011) -Ningakwenza usizo abacwaningi isizathu mayelana zezinselele zezindinganiso ababhekene nazo. Njengoba ngangiqhubeka uchaze kabanzi ngaso encwadini Historical iSithasiselo, zombili lezi zinsolo babengamadodana imiphumela woku-ezingxoxweni by panel of ochwepheshe amathuba amaningi okufakwayo kusuka ezihlukahlukene ababambe iqhaza.

Okokuqala, ngo-1974, lapho ephendula okuthile zokuhle abacwaningi, ezifana notorious Tuskegee ugcunsula Study (bheka iSithasiselo Historical), i-US Congress wadala ikhomishana kazwelonke ukuze ubhale imihlahlandlela sokuziphatha ucwaningo ehilela izikhonzi womuntu. Ngemva kweminyaka emine emhlanganweni Belmont Conference Center, leli qembu zaveza Belmont Report, idokhumenti libe lincane kodwa onamandla. I Belmont Umbiko siyisisekelo engqondo uMthetho Evamile, lwemithetho elawula tifundvo womuntu ucwaningo ukuthi Institutional Review Boards (IRBs) Akhethelwe enforcing (Porter and Koski 2008) .

Kwabe sekuthi ngo-2010, lapho ephendula ukwehluleka zesimilo labacwaningi security computer kanye nobunzima yokusebenzisa imibono eMbikweni Belmont nocwaningo yobudala digital, i-US Uhulumeni-ikakhulukazi uMnyango Homeland Security-wadala ikhomishana blue-Ribbon ukuze ubhale a eziqondisayo uhlaka sokuziphatha ucwaningo ehilela ulwazi nobuchwepheshe bezokuxhumana (ICT). Imiphumela yalesi umzamo kwaba Umbiko Menlo (Dittrich, Kenneally, and others 2011) .

Ndawonye uMbiko Belmont kanye noMbiko Menlo anikele izimiso ezine ezingasisiza aqondise izinqumo zokuhle abacwaningi: Inhlonipho Persons, Beneficence, uJustice, begodu ezihlonipha umthetho ne- Public Interest. Ukusebenzisa lezi zimiso ezine practice akuyona inkinga njalo kuqondile, futhi kungadinga okulinganisa nzima. Nokho, izimiso, ukusiza acacise ukudela okuthile, uphakamise izinguquko yokwenza ucwaningo imiklamo, futhi unika amandla abacwaningi ukuba akuchazele ukucabanga kwabo komunye nomunye kanye nomphakathi jikelele.