Imisebenzi

Key:

  • degree of nobunzima: lula kulula , medium medium , kanzima hard , Kanzima impela kanzima kakhulu
  • kudinga izibalo ( kudinga math )
  • kudinga esephepheni ( kudinga esephepheni )
  • iqoqo idatha ( iqoqo idatha )
  • Izintandokazi zami ( intandokazi yami )

  1. [ hard , kudinga math ] Esahlukweni, mina wawumuhle kakhulu ngokudidiyela babhekane nezinga elikhulu. Nokho, awusebenzi ngaso sonke isikhathi ngcono ikhwalithi nokuqagula. Ukwakha isimo lapho i besho-babhekane nezinga elikhulu kungehlisa izinga nokuqagula. (Ukuze mfana, bheka Thomsen (1973) ).

  2. [ hard , iqoqo idatha , kudinga esephepheni ] Design and aqhube inhlolovo non-okungenzeka on Amazon MTurk ukubuza kwezibhamu ( "Uyazi, noma ingabe ubani emndenini wenu, umnikazi isibhamu, isibhamu sohlobo lwe-noma Pistol? Ingabe wena noma omunye umuntu emndenini wakho?") Futhi lekutsatfwa ngayo control gun ( "ucabanga kubalulekile kunokunye-ukuvikela ilungelo baseMelika ukuba ngumnikazi izibhamu, noma ukulawula kwezibhamu?").

    1. ingabe inhlolovo yakho uthathe isikhathi esingakanani? Kubiza malini? Kanjani nezibalo zabantu isampula yakho uqhathanise nezibalo zabantu labantu US?
    2. Kuyini balinganisela ebomvu kwezibhamu usebenzisa isampula?
    3. Correct for non-representativeness isampula yakho usebenzisa post-babhekane nezinga elikhulu noma ezinye amasu. Manje liyini ukulinganisa kwezibhamu?
    4. ingabe tilinganiso yakho qhathanisa Indlela balinganisela zamuva ezivela Pew Research Center? Ucabangani uchaze lo ukungafani, uma kukhona noma yisiphi?
    5. Phinda Ukuvivinya 2-5 for isimo sethu sengqondo control gun. ingabe okutholakele zakho kuhluke kanjani?

  3. [ kanzima kakhulu , iqoqo idatha , kudinga esephepheni ] Goel kanye nozakwabo (2016) zaphathwa inhlolovo non-okungenzeka-based ehlanganisa 49 imibuzo multiple-choice ukuziphatha nokucabanga sisuselwa General Social Survey (GSS) bese ukhetha izinhlolo-vo ezenziwa Pew Research Center on Amazon MTurk. Babe ulungise for the non-representativeness idatha usebenzisa imodeli-based post-babhekane nezinga elikhulu (uMnu P), futhi uqhathanise nezilinganiso kushintshwe nalabo kulinganiselwa besebenzisa okungenzeka-based GSS / Pew survey. Ukuqhuba lolu cwaningo efanayo phezu MTurk bese uzama ukwenza Figure 2a futhi Figure 2b ngokuqhathanisa tilinganiso yakho olungisiwe ne ezakhishwa imizuliswano yamuva iningi GSS / Pew (Bheka Isithasiselo Table A2 for uhlu lwemibuzo 49).

    1. Baqhathanise nokwehluka imiphumela yakho ukuze umphumela Pew kanye GSS.
    2. Baqhathanise nokwehluka imiphumela yakho imiphumela kusukela Ucwaningo MTurk e Goel, Obeng, and Rothschild (2016) .

  4. [ medium , iqoqo idatha , kudinga esephepheni ] Izifundo eziningi zisebenzisa self-umbiko izinyathelo mobile idatha yomsebenzi phone. Lokhu siyilungiselelo ezithakazelisayo lapho abacwaningi qhathanisa kokuzilimaza libike ukuziphatha ungene (bheka isib, Boase and Ling (2013) ). izindlela zokuziphatha ezimbili ezivamile ukubuza enizibiza kanye imiyalezo, namaseya amabili ozimele isikhathi esivamile "Izolo" futhi "ngesonto eledlule."

    1. Ngaphambi ukuqoqa noma iyiphi idatha, okuyinto of self-umbiko izinyathelo Ucabanga ukuthi liyini linemba ngokwengeziwe? Kungani?
    2. Faka 5 kubangani bakho babe inhlolovo yakho. Sicela fingqa kafushane indlela laba bangane 5 abangu banambitha. Kungenzeka yini ukuthi leli nqubo izibonelo zalokho ntombazane ukucwasana ethize ku tilinganiso yakho?
    3. Sicela ubuze kubo lokhu okulandelayo micro-inhlolovo:
    • "Kangaki kokusebenzisa ifoni ephathekayo ukubiza abanye izolo?"
    • "Bangaki text messages akazange oyithumelayo izolo?"
    • "Kangaki kokusebenzisa ifoni yakho ephathekayo ukubiza abanye ezinsukwini zokugcina eziyisikhombisa?"
    • "Yeka ukuthi izikhathi eziningi ingabe usebenzise mobile phone yakho ukuthumela noma ukuthola imiyalezo yombhalo / SMS ezinsukwini zokugcina eziyisikhombisa?" Once inhlolovo kuqedile, cela ukuhlola idatha zabo zokusebenzisa njengoba ungene ngocingo noma inkonzo yabo umhlinzeki.
    1. Kusho self-mbiko ukusetshenziswa qhathanisa Indlela log idatha? Yikuphi olunembile kakhulu, okuyinto okungenani enembile?
    2. Manje hlanganisa idatha ukuthi wena aqoqene ne idatha kusuka kwabanye abantu eklasini lakho (uma nenza lo msebenzi ngoba ikilasi). Nalokhu kudathasethi emikhulu, ukuphinda inxa (d).

  5. [ medium , iqoqo idatha ] Schuman futhi presser (1996) baphikisa ngokuthi oda mbuzo nendaba izinhlobo ezimbili zemali ubudlelwane phakathi imibuzo: ingxenye-ingxenye imibuzo lapho kunemibuzo emibili ezingeni elifanayo of ngqo (isib izilinganiso kwababili kamongameli); futhi imibuzo ingxenye-wonke lapho umbuzo jikelele kanje umbuzo othile more (sib becela "Waneliseke kangakanani ngomsebenzi wakho?" lilandelwa ngelithi "Waneliseke kangakanani ngempilo yakho ngokupheleleyo?").

    Baphinde bagcwele ezimbili izinhlobo umbuzo oda umphumela: ukungaguquguquki imiphumela zenzeka lapho izimpendulo embuzweni kamuva balethwa closer (kuka abengeke abe) ukuze abanikwe umbuzo ngaphambili; aqhathanise imiphumela zenzeka lapho kukhona umehluko okukhulu phakathi izimpendulo zemibuzo emibili.

    1. Dala i-pair of inxa-ingxenye imibuzo ukuthi ucabanga ukuthi unombuzo oda nethonya elikhulu, a pair of inxa-wonke imibuzo ukuthi ucabanga ukuthi une-oda nethonya elikhulu, futhi enye pair of imibuzo ogama oda ucabanga ukuthi akubalulekile. Gijimani sokuhlolwa inhlolovo on MTurk ukuze avivinye imibuzo yakho.
    2. Lalilikhulu kanjani ingxenye-ingxenye umphumela Ingabe ukwazi ukudala? Kwakungadingekile ukungaguquguquki noma Ngokuphambene umphumela?
    3. Lalilikhulu kanjani ingxenye-wonke umphumela Ingabe ukwazi ukudala? Kwakungadingekile ukungaguquguquki noma Ngokuphambene umphumela?
    4. Kwakukhona umbuzo oda ukusebenza ngo pair yakho lapho ungazange ucabange oda nendaba?

  6. [ medium , iqoqo idatha ] Ukwakhela phezu umsebenzi Schuman futhi presser, Moore (2002) uchaza isici esihlukile umbuzo oda nomphumela: okufakiwe kanye subtractive. Nakuba Ngokuphambene bomsebenzi imiphumela kukhiqizwa ngenxa kwamahhotela wabaphenduli 'izinto ezimbili maqondana nomunye, okufakiwe ngamunye kanye nemiphumela subtractive akhiqizwa lapho wabaphenduli zenziwa bazwelane kakhudlwana uhlaka ezinkudlwana sokucutshungulwa imibuzo ebhekiswa. Funda Moore (2002) , khona-ke ukuklama futhi ugijime sokuhlolwa inhlolovo on MTurk ukuze bakhombise okufakiwe noma subtractive imiphumela.

  7. [ hard , iqoqo idatha ] Christopher Antoun kanye nozakwabo (2015) benza ucwaningo eqhathanisa amasampula lula etholakala ezahlukene online ukuqasha imithombo emine: MTurk, Craigslist, Google AdWords kanye Facebook. Ukwakha inhlolovo elula futhi athole ababambiqhaza ngokusebenzisa ezahlukene ukuqasha online imithombo okungenani ezimbili (bangaba nobuhlobo naye babe imithombo ehlukene emithonjeni emine asetshenziswe Antoun et al. (2015) ).

    1. Qhathanisa izindleko faka ngamunye, yimali nesikhathi, phakathi imithombo ehlukene.
    2. Qhathanisa indlela yokwakheka amasampula atholakala emithonjeni ehlukene.
    3. Qhathanisa izinga idatha phakathi amasampula. Ukuze uthole amacebiso okuthi mayelana nendlela ukukala izinga idatha kusuka Kubantu abaphendula, bheka Schober et al. (2015) .
    4. Uyini umthombo zakho zokusebenza ozikhethile? Kungani?

  8. [ medium ] YouGov, i-inthanethi-based ucwaningo emakethe niqinile, baqhuba ngezinhloko inthanethi kwethimba labantu abangaba ngu-800,000 abaphendula UK futhi wasebenzisa uMnu P. ukubikezela umphumela EU Inhlolovo (ie, Brexit) lapho abavoti UK bavote noma ukuhlale e noma ashiye European Union.

    A incazelo eningiliziwe imodeli YouGov sika izibalo lapha (https://yougov.co.uk/news/2016/06/21/yougov-referendum-model/). Cishe ukukhuluma, YouGov ngodonga abavoti zibe izinhlobo okusekelwe 2015 okhethweni lwango ivoti choice, ubudala, ticu, ubulili, usuku interview, kanye wabavoti abahlala kulo. Okokuqala, ayesebenzisa idatha eqoqwe kusukela YouGov panelists ukulinganisa, phakathi kwalabo abavotela, inani labantu ngamunye hlobo Umvoti abahlose ukuvota Ikhefu. They balinganisela abeze ngamunye hlobo ukuvota ngokusebenzisa 2015 British Election Study (Bes) post-ukhetho ubuso nobuso inhlolovo, okuyinto sasebenza abeze kusukela imiqulu lokhetho. Ekugcineni, bakala bangaki abantu kukhona ngamunye hlobo ukuvota e labavoti esekelwe Census zakamuva kanye Wonyaka Population Survey (usuphethe ukwaziswa okungamsiza kwalokho kusukela Bes, idatha inhlolovo YouGov ezivela emhlabeni ukhetho jikelele, kanye nokwaziswa on bangaki abantu bavotela for party ngalinye e wokhetho ngamunye).

    Ezinsukwini ezintathu ngaphambi komhlangano ivoti, YouGov wabonisa ukuhola ezimbili iphuzu Ikhefu. On the eve zokuvota, i-poll wabonisa close kakhulu ukubiza (49-51 Hlala). I final on-the-day isifundo ababikezela 48/52 esivuna Hlala (https://yougov.co.uk/news/2016/06/23/yougov-day-poll/). Eqinisweni, lesi sibalo ngaphuthelwa umphumela wokugcina (52-48 Ikhefu) by ngemaphesenti lamane.

    1. Sebenzisa ingqikithi uhlaka iphutha inhlolovo okuxoxwe ngawo kulesi sahluko ukuze uhlole loko Kwakonakele.
    2. YouGov asabela emva kokhetho (https://yougov.co.uk/news/2016/06/24/brexit-follows-close-run-campaign/) wachaza: "Lokhu kubonakala engxenyeni enkulu ngenxa abeze - into sishilo sonke lesikhathi bekuyoba ibalulekile ngomphumela womjaho fake esinjalo esinokulinganisela. Sibonelo setfu lesengca tonkhe abeze wawusekelwe, ngokwengxenye, ngokuthi ngabe abaphendula imibuzo lase libeka at sokhetho olwedlule kanti ezingeni abeze ngenhla ukuthi ukhetho jikelele ukucasula model, ikakhulukazi eNyakatho. "Ingabe lokhu shintsha impendulo yakho ukuze inxa (a)?

  9. [ medium , kudinga esephepheni ] Bhala sekulingisa ukuze sicacise ngamunye amaphutha isethulo Figure 3.1.

    1. Dala isimo lapho la maphutha empeleni asule.
    2. Dala isimo lapho amaphutha ezibamba nomunye.

  10. [ kanzima kakhulu , kudinga esephepheni ] Ucwaningo of Blumenstock kanye nozakwabo (2015) abathintekayo ekwakheni a machine oyisibonelo yokufunda ukuthi ayengase awasebenzise idatha trace sedijithali ukubikezela izimpendulo inhlolovo. Manje, uya ukuzama into efanayo yedathasethi ehlukene. Kosinski, Stillwell, and Graepel (2013) bathola ukuthi Facebook likes ongabikezela kwezimfanelo ezingabalulekile ngabanye kanye nezimfanelo. Ngokumangalisayo, lezi zibikezelo kungaba olunembile nakakhulu kunalezo kwabangani nozakwabo (Youyou, Kosinski, and Stillwell 2015) .

    1. Funda Kosinski, Stillwell, and Graepel (2013) , kanye ukuphindaphinda Figure 2. idatha Lwabo ayatholakala lapha: http://mypersonality.org/
    2. Manje, ukuphindaphinda Figure 3.
    3. Ekugcineni, zama imodeli bodwa idatha yakho Facebook: http://applymagicsauce.com/. kahle kanjani ukuthi ikusebenzele?

  11. [ medium ] Toole et al. (2015) Ukusetshenziswa call imininingwane kumarekhodi (CDRs) Movie kuya ukubikezela aggregate ukutlhogeka kwemisebenzi izitayela.

    1. Baqhathanise nokwehluka design of Toole et al. (2015) nge Blumenstock, Cadamuro, and On (2015) .
    2. Ucabanga CDRs kufanele ithathe isikhundla survey yendabuko, umphelelisi kubo noma cha isetshenziswe nhlobo imigomo kahulumeni ukulandelela ukutlhogeka kwemisebenzi? Kungani?
    3. Ibuphi ubufakazi Ungenzani ukuze bakholwe ukuthi CDRs engathatha isikhundla ngokuphelele izinyathelo yendabuko izinga lokungasebenzi?

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