6.4 ezine siseko

Ngemigaqo ezine eziya kukhokela abaphandi ejongene ukungaqiniseki ezisesikweni zezi: Ukuhlonela Abantu, Beneficence, Justice, Nokuhlonela Law and Public Inzala.

Imingeni zemigaqo ukuba abaphandi nazo kweminyaka yedijithali ahluke kunaleyo ngaphambili. Nakuba kunjalo, abaphandi ukujongana nale mingeni ngokuthi ukwakha ukucinga ngaphambili yokuziphatha. Ingakumbi, mna ndiyakholwa ukuba migaqo kwiingxelo-The ezimbini Ingxelo Belmont (Belmont Report 1979) kunye Ingxelo Menlo (Dittrich, Kenneally, and others 2011) ofayo uncedo abaphandi isizathu malunga neengxaki zokuziphatha ukuba nazo. Njengoko zisichazela ngakumbi elikwisiHlomelo Historical, zombini ezi ngxelo iziphumo zeengxoxo-zeminyaka emininzi panels leengcali kunye namathuba amaninzi nezimvo ezivela ezahlukeneyo bachaphazelekayo.

Okokuqala, ngowe-1974, impendulo iintsilelo yokuziphatha abaphandi, ezifana notorious Tuskegee Gcushuwa Study (bona Historical iSihlomelo), le Congress US kudale ikhomishini yesizwe ukubhala ngokwemigaqo esesikweni lophando elibandakanya izifundo zabantu. Emva kweminyaka emine yokuhlangana kwi-Belmont Iziko leNkomfa, iqela wavelisa Report Belmont, uxwebhu kwavela kodwa enamandla. INgxelo Belmont sisiseko nezengqondo ukulungiselela ngoMthetho Eliqhelekileyo, nemigaqo elawula uphando kwizifundo zabantu ukuba Institutional Review Boards (IRBs) uxanduva nokunyanzelisa (Porter and Koski 2008) .

Emva koko, ngo-2010, xa bephendula yokusilela yokuziphatha babaphandi zokhuseleko computer kunye nobunzima isicelo izimvo kwiNgxelo Belmont kuphando ubudala digital, le US Government-ngokukhethekileyo laseMerika iSebe Security-udale uthumo blue-iribhoni ukubhala Yokukhokela emasiwulandele ukuze uphando olubandakanya ulwazi kunye nobuchwepheshe bonxibelelwano (ICT). Iziphumo yoku yaba iNgxelo Menlo (Dittrich, Kenneally, and others 2011) .

Kunye iNgxelo Belmont kunye neNgxelo Menlo zinika ngemigaqo ezine sisikhokkelo yokuziphatha ngabaphandi: Ukuhlonela Abantu, Beneficence, Justice, Nokuhlonela Law and Public Inzala. Ukusebenzisa le migaqo ezine mkhwa akusoloko ngqo, kwaye loo nto ifuna balancing nzima. Le migaqo ke, ukunceda ukucacisa urhwebo-offs, ibonisa utshintsho uphando uyilo, kwaye kwenza ukuba abaphandi ukucacisa abo engqiqo ukuze omnye komnye kunye noluntu ngokubanzi.