2.5 Panina
Big ikepili he wahi, aka, me ka hoʻohana 'ia, a me na ano a pau o observational ike no ka lawelawe noiʻi, he pilikia. I koʻu hoao ana he mea e like me ka mea paa ole ka 'aina awakea waiwai no ka noiʻi: inā' aʻole 'oe i loko o ka puu o ka hana o kaʻohiʻana aeaiiua, a lailaʻoukou e paha e e loaa e waiho i loko o ka puu o ka hana ke kālailai ko oukou mauʻikepili ai' ole ma ka manao ana he aha ka mea i loko o ka ninau hoʻonanea e ninau aku i ka ikepili. Ma muli o ka manaʻo i loko o kēia mokuna, ke manao nei au, ua papa kuhikuhiE aoao ekolu mea nui ikepili kumu e lilo loa waiwai no ka lawelawe noiʻi:
- empirically adjudicating ma waena o hoʻokūkū ana theoretical wānana. 'O kekahi o keia ano keia ano o ka hana nā Farber (2015) (New York kaʻa'ōhua O Keaukaha) a me King, Pan, and Roberts (2013) (Censorship ma Kina)
- iaono? ienoai nohona ana no ka E pili ma nowcasting. An hoohalike o keia ano o ka hana, oia Ginsberg et al. (2009) (Google Flu LIKE).
- aayoaeuiinoe causal waiwai me maoli hoʻokolohua, a me'ālike. 'O kekahi o keia ano keia ano o ka hana. Mas and Moretti (2009) (kūkā' ole ma productivity) a Einav et al. (2015) (kanawai o ka ho kumukuai ma ke kudala ma eBay).
nui nīnau ma ka lawelawe noiʻi he nui e hiki ke kaheaia e like me kekahi o keia mau mea ekolu. Eia naʻe, i kēia mau hoʻokokoke mai nui pono noiʻi, e lawe mai i ka hailona i kuleana no nā ikepili. He aha ka mea Farber (2015) Fun, oia ka theoretical ways, no ka mea ana. Keia theoretical ways mai mai waho i ka ikepili. Pela, no ka mea, ka poe maikai ma ka noi kekahi mauʻano o ka noiʻi hoopaapaa ana, nui ikepili kumu e hiki ai e hua nui.
Eia ke oki, e aho mamua o kumumanaʻo-kipaku empirical noiʻi (ka mea i hala i ka pulakaumaka ma keia Mokuna), ia kakou ke Flip i ka CGI, ae hana empirically-kipaku theorizing. I ka mea, ma ka akahele accumulation o empirical mea, lauana, a me na puzzles, ia kakou ke kukulu hou theories.
Keia papa hana, 'ikepili-mua kokoke i kumumanaʻo, aole ia hou, a ua loaʻano ikaika kiko'ī a ma Glaser and Strauss (1967) me ko lākou kāhea no ka ili kumumanaʻo. Keia ikepili-mua hoʻokokoke mai, naʻe, 'aʻole imply "ka hopena o ke kumumanaʻo," e like me ka mea i koi e nui o ka journalism puni noiʻi ma loko o ka mīkini makahiki (Anderson 2008) . Aho, e like me ka 'ike' ia hoʻololi, e kali makou i ka hou balancing i loko o ka pilina ma waena o kumumanaʻo o ka ikepili. Ma ka ao kahi aeaiiuo ohi, ua pipiʻi, he mea i pono, e ohi wale i ka 'ikepili e paipai theories e lilo i ka mea pono keia mau mea. Aka, ma ka ao kahi alahula mau dala o na aeaiiuo ua, ua loaʻa no ka paa ole, ka mea i ano e hoi ho'āʻo i ka 'ikepili-mua hoʻokokoke (Goldberg 2015) .
E like me aʻu i hoike aku ai ma kēia mokuna, noiʻi ke aʻo ka puu ma ka kiai kanaka. I ka aʻe ekolu mokuna, au e wehewehe i ia kakou ke aʻo hou a me nāʻano mea a pau, ina kakou kā mākouʻikepili ohi, ae pāʻani aku me nā kānaka hou pololei ma ka ninau ana ia lakou nīnau (Mokuna 3), holo ho okolohua (Chapter 4), a me ke komo pū ia lakou i loko o ka noiʻi kaʻina pono (Mokuna 5).
