5.1 Gabatarwa

Wikipedia ne mai ban mamaki. A taro da haɗin gwiwar 'yan sa kai halitta a dama kundin da ke samuwa ga kowa da kowa. The kewayawa don Wikipedia nasara ba sabon ilmi. wajen, shi ne wani sabon tsari da hadin kai. The digital shekaru, sa'a, sa mutane da yawa sabon siffofin da hadin kai. Saboda haka, ya kamata mu yanzu tambayar: abin da m kimiyya matsalolin-matsalolin da za mu iya ba warware akayi daban-daban-za mu yanzu magance tare?

Haɗin gwiwar a gudanar da bincike bã kõme ba ne sabon, ba shakka. Mene ne sabon, duk da haka, shi ne, digital shekaru sa tare da haɗin gwiwar da yawa ya fi girma, kuma mafi bambancin sa mutane: biliyoyin mutanen da ke kewaye da duniya da Internet access. Ina sa ran cewa wadannan sabon taro haɗin gwiwar da za su samar da ban mamaki sakamakon ba kawai saboda yawan mutanen da hannu amma kuma saboda su bambancin basira da ra'ayoyi. Ta yaya za mu kunsa kowa da kowa tare da Internet connection cikin mu bincike tsari? Menene za ka yi da 100 bincike mataimakansa? Me game 100,000 gwani hadin gwiwar?

Akwai su da yawa siffofin taro haɗin gwiwar, da kuma kwamfuta masana kimiyya yawanci tsara su a cikin wani babban adadin Categories bisa laákari da fasaha halaye (Quinn and Bederson 2011) . A cikin wannan babi, duk da haka, zan je don rarrabesu taro haɗin gwiwar ayyukan bisa yadda suka za a iya amfani zamantakewa bincike. Musamman, ina ganin yana da m rarrabe tsakanin iri uku ayyukan: mutum ƙidãyar, bude kira, da kuma rarraba data tarin (Figure 5.1).

Zan bayyana kowane daga cikin wadannan iri a babban daki-daki daga baya a cikin babi, amma a yanzu, bari in bayyana kowane daya a taƙaice. Human ƙidãyar ayyukan da ake fi dacewa dace domin sauki-aiki-babban-sikelin matsaloli kamar bai daya akan miliyan images. Waɗannan su ne ayyukan da a baya yiwuwa an yi ta dalibi bincike mataimakansa. Gudunmawar ba su bukatar aiki da alaka basira, da kuma wasan karshe fitarwa ne yawanci wani talakawan dukkan gudunmawar. A classic misali da wani mutum ƙidãyar shiri ne Galaxy Zoo, inda a dubu ɗari masu sa kai taimaka Masana ilmin Taurari rarraba miliyan taurari. Open kira ayyukan da ake fi dacewa dace domin matsaloli inda kake neman labari da kuma m amsoshin fili tsara tambayoyi. Waɗannan su ne ayyukan da a baya iya yi da hannu tambayar abokan aiki. Gudunmawar zo daga mutanen da suka yi musamman aiki da alaka basira, da kuma wasan karshe fitarwa ne yawanci mafi kyau ga dukkan irin gudunmawar. A classic misali wani kira a bayyane ne Netflix Prize, inda dubban masana kimiyya da hackers aiki wajen samar da sabon Algorithms hango ko hasashen abokan ciniki 'ratings na fina-finai. A karshe, rarraba data tarin ayyukan da ake fi dacewa dace domin manyan-sikelin data collection. Waɗannan su ne ayyukan da a baya yiwuwa an yi ta dalibi bincike mataimakansa ko duba bincike kamfanoni. Gudunmawar yawanci zo daga mutanen da suka sami damar zuwa wurare da masu bincike ya yi ba, da kuma karshe samfurin ne mai sauki tarin gudunmawar. A classic misali da wani rarraba data tarin ne eBird, a cikin abin da dubban daruruwan 'yan agaji da taimako rahotanni game da tsuntsaye su gani.

Figure 5.1: Mass haɗin gwiwar Schematic. Wannan babi da aka shirya a kusa da uku main siffofin taro haɗin gwiwar: mutum ƙidãyar, bude kira, da kuma rarraba data collection. More kullum, salla haɗin gwiwar hadawa ideas daga filayen kamar dan kimiyya, dandazon, kuma gama hankali.

Figure 5.1: Mass haɗin gwiwar Schematic. Wannan babi da aka shirya a kusa da uku main siffofin taro haɗin gwiwar: mutum ƙidãyar, bude kira, da kuma rarraba data collection. More kullum, salla haɗin gwiwar hadawa ideas daga filayen kamar dan kimiyya, dandazon, kuma gama hankali.

Mass haɗin gwiwar yana da tsawo, arziki tarihi a filayen kamar ilmin taurari (Marshall, Lintott, and Fletcher 2015) da kuma da lafiyar qasa (Dickinson, Zuckerberg, and Bonter 2010) , amma ba yet kowa a social bincike. Duk da haka, da bayyana m ayyukan daga sauran filayen da kuma samar da 'yan key shirya ka'idojin, Ina fatan shawo ku daga abubuwa biyu. Na farko, taro haɗin gwiwar za a iya harnessed for zamantakewa bincike. Kuma, na biyu, masu bincike da suka yi amfani da haɗin gwiwar taro za su iya warware matsalolin da baya kamar ba zai yiwu. Ko da yake taro da haɗin gwiwar ne sau da yawa ciyar a matsayin wata hanya domin ya ceci kudi, shi ne da yawa fiye da da. Kamar yadda zan nuna, taro haɗin gwiwar ba kawai ba da damar mu mu yi bincike mai rahusa, shi ya yale mu mu yi bincike mafi alhẽri.

A cikin babi na kasa, ga kowane daga cikin uku main siffofin taro haɗin gwiwar, zan bayyana a prototypical misali. Alal misali muhimmanci ƙarin maki da kara misalai. kuma a karshe bayyana yadda wannan tsari na taro haɗin gwiwar iya amfani da social bincike. The babi zai gama da biyar ka'idojin da za su iya taimaka maka ka tsara your own taro haɗin gwiwar aikin.